C) Crossing over is a source of genetic variability seen in meiosis . B. Triploid and aneuploid Crossing over is a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up. D) the cell produced when fertilization occurs. It is the first stage of mitosis. the inclusion of the centromere in the inversion, Which of the following terms can be used to describe Down syndrome? B) The desert is relatively uniform and there is little advantage to maintaining variation, but the animal has not been able to completely evolve away from its heritage of sexual reproduction. Based on this information, determine which of the following statements are true. A) ovaries B. D. Trisomic and aneuploid. Which of the following accurately describe anaphase I and anaphase II? The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as aneuploidy. d. all of the above A) The gametes are the haploid phase of the animals' life cycle. True or False. Animal cells from a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells from a cleavage furrow and then pinch into two daughter cells, The region that contains the genetic information in a bacterial cell is called the, virtually all of the specialized cells of multicellular organisms. C. They orient the sperm toward the egg. B. reduction of chromosome number (from 2N to N). A) species X and Y will have an equal chance of surviving. Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur? D) spermatogenesis. Sources of genetic variation in a sexually reproducing population include(s) which of the following? Which of the following is not a characteristic of homologous chromosome? Identify which event will occur during prophase I of meiosis but does not occur during prophase of mitosis. e.) the spindle is or c. fertilization B. Which of the following statements correctly compares the events of meiosis and mitosis? At the end of anaphase 1, each chromosomeis composed of to chromatids and at the end of anaphase 11, sister chromatids have separated. We would therefore expect to find 56 chromosomes in the skin cell of an elephant. Which statement applies only to plants? synapsis occurs during prophase I. Atweeks, the fetal heartbeat can be first be heard through a stethoscope, A healthy fetus born at twenty-four weeks has a chance of surviving although it may have, immature lungs and breathing difficulties, The human embryo becomes a fetus at the end of the second month of gestation S phase, the cell undergoes DNA replication. A) independent assortment ; Once movement is complete, each pole has a haploid number of chromosomes. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. It could be said that males are able to provide gametes with more genetic diversity than females for reproduction. The S phase is the second phase of interphase, during which the DNA of the chromosomes is replicated. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of organisms. sperm and egg are reproductive cells that are collectively referred to as, which term refers to the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis, crossing over occurs between the two sister chromatids of a homologue C. carry genes for the same traits. answer choices. Which of the following are the critical checkpoints during interphase? E) anaphase II. D) Meiosis is not a necessary component of the animal life cycle. When two chromosomes one from the mother and one from the father line up, parts of the chromosome can be switched. C. providing genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. D)A,B,and C all involve meiosis. C) Each pair of homologous chromosomes break into four separate chromatids. Primary nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II when the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go in the same gamete. A. Primary nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II when the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go in the same gamete. A) Gametes are the only haploid phase of the human life cycle. If the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism is 52, what will the haploid number of chromosomes be? D) after the zygote has formed. 17. A. deletion B. duplication C. translocation D. aneuploidy. e. A and B only. Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm). which monosomy is the one that survives to term? Inherited disorders can arise when chromosomes behave abnormally during meiosis. D. Tetrads line up and separate into individual homologous chromosomes. a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell. A) In meiosis, daughter cells are haploid. Oogenesis always involves an equal division of cell contents in the formation of an egg and polar bodies. Consider that all other relevant characteristics are similar between these species. Meiosis I. Meiosis is preceded by an interphase consisting of the G 1, S, and G 2 phases, which are nearly identical to the phases preceding mitosis. Suppose that k1=6,k2=4,b1=2k_1=6, k_2=4, b_1=2k1=6,k2=4,b1=2, and b2=1b_2=1b2=1. d. only A and B are correct. What distinguishes paracentric inversions from pericentric inversions? Which of the following statements is correct about the chromosomal position during mitosis and meiosis? B) They use sexual reproduction to produce new offspring. True or False, sex chromosome aneuploids are better tolerated and have a better chance of producing survivors Which of the following would not contribute to genetic variation? Sources of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms include(s) which of the following? D. growth of the overall individual. c. Based on your sketch in part b, what do you expect the populations of the two species to do in the long run? False The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as euploidy. A. Homologs fail to separate during meiosis I. The zona pellucida: Is synthesized by the oocyte during oogenesis. Identify which event will occur during Prophase I of meiosis but does not occur during prophase of mitosis. C) A fertilized egg is known as a zygote. The overall function of meiosis includes all of the following EXCEPT A. gamete production. All Rights Reserved. A. prophase I B. metaphase II C. anaphase II D. prophase II E. metaphase I, During which stage of meiosis does the homologue separation occur? Mitosis and meiosis are both types of cell division. D) Chromatin will condense into chromosomes. Only one of the four daughter cells becomes a functional gamete in spermatogenesis. A. D. Sperm that contain a recombination of genes are usually more successful in fertilizing an egg. Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur? Species X reproduces asexually by fission and species Y reproduces sexually. Interkinesis is different from interphase in which way? All of these events occur only in meiosis I, never in mitosis. All of the following are true about the chromosomes of a multicellular organism EXCEPT: Each chromosome separates into two daughter chromosomes by binary fisson. During spermatogenesis, key spermatogenic events such as stem cell self-renewal and commitment to meiosis, meiotic recombination, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, followed by cellular and chromatin remodeling of elongating spermatids occur . To what does the term chiasma refer? Which of the following is/are true about sexual reproduction? B. oogenesis. When a sperm and an egg join in fertilization, the two haploid sets of chromosomes form a complete diploid set: a new genome. A. Homologous chromosomes pair to form a tetrad. decrease in LH, increase in progesterone, corpus luteum present, secretory uterine lining, in the human male, the tube used to carry both sperm and urine is the, A functional advantage of having human testes in the scrotum rather than in the abdomen is. Why do polar bodies form? Describe how errors in chromosome structure occur through inversions and translocations. In the tetrad stage, the number of chromosomes is equal to the number of DNA molecules. B. sperm cell. It could be said that males are able to provide gametes with more genetic diversity than females for reproduction. iv. Summary. They have the same number of chromosomes in their nucleus. Oogenesis always involves an equal division of cell contents in the formation of an egg and polar bodies. The desert is relatively uniform and there is little advantage to maintaining variation, but the animal has not been able to completely evolve away from its heritage of sexual reproduction. What might prevent a cell from passing the G1 checkpoint? Which term specifically refers to the gain of extra chromosome sets from individuals of the same species? B) reduction of chromosome number (from 2n to n). c. a fertilized egg is known as a zygote &\frac{d x_1}{d t}=r_1 x_1\left(1-\frac{x_1}{k_1}-b_1 \frac{x_2}{k_1}\right) \\ which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is not true? The essential features of meiosis are shown in the diagram.For the sake of simplicity, the diploid parent cell is shown to contain a single pair of homologous chromosomes, one member of which is represented in blue (from the father) and the other in red (from the mother). A) anaphase II and anaphase immediately after the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte, All of the following animals are likely to undergo parthenogenesis EXCEPT. Which of the following events occurs first during meiosis? E) Neither A, B, or C. All of the above involve mitosis. d. all of the choices are sources of genetic variation The S phase is the second phase of interphase, during which the DNA of . . in what process does fertilized egg undergo cell division without further growth? Extra copies of sex chromosomes are more easily tolerated in humans than extra copies of autosomes. While meiosis certainly evolved from mitosis itself, the former had acquired few novel steps that are distinct from the latter: pairing of the homologous chromosomes, recombination between non-sister . During which phase of mitosis and meiosis will the state of the chromosome be the same? Which body system develops first in a human embryo? Which statement is true about the life cycle of plants but not of animals? B) anaphase I The organ that exchanges molecules between fetal and maternal blood is the, During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, progesterone and estrogen will bring about. When the environment gradually changes, then. C) two nuclear divisions a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell. Not Graded. A. the process of fertilization B. the life cycle of a fungus C. the process of crossing-over D. a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over E. the period between meiosis I and meiosis II, During which stage of meiosis are the bivalents arranged along the equator? It is known that both ExE_{x}Ex and V are zero at the origin. There are two main types of cell divisions: meiosis and mitosis. Mitosis is the process by which most cells in the body divide, involves a single round of cell division, and produces two identical, diploid daughter cells. They have a low posterior hairline and neck webbing. B. Explore our library and get Introductory Biology Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. C. Crossovers between non-sister chromosomal haploids of homologous chromosomes occur during the . Which stage would show the development of the ectoderm and endoderm germ layers? C. Cytokinesis does not follow "endomitosis" that results in a tetraploid cell. D) chances of a woman having a child with Down syndrome decrease as she gets older. 6 C. 12 D. 24, During which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur? Another name for a tetrad is a/an A. homologue. Only one of the four daughter cells becomes a functional gamete in spermatogenesis. C) telophase I Prophase I Match the following group of organisms with their respective distinctive characteristics and select the correct option : C. pangenesis. cells divide only once. A. All of the following events occur during normal meiosis except _____. in the human male, sperm cells are produced in the..and are supported by the . is involved in a negative feedback relationship with the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus to regulate testosterone levels, A male accessory organ of the reproductive system that often becomes enlarged, infected, or cancerous in older men is. Crossing over occurs in prophase I of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis. Which statement is NOT true about homologues in meiosis I? B) The production of gametes is known as gametogenesis. Meiosis occurs during all of the following EXCEPT A. gametogenesis. Animal cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells do not, What is the result of a cell not meeting the criteria to pass the G1 checkpoint? E. All of the choices are true. a. the cell cycle halts B. 14. If a cell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of meiosis I, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis II? Consider that all other relevant characteristics are similar between these species. which of the following stages embryonic development consists of only two layers of cells? Meiosis occurs during gametogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis. Why are these differences important for meiosis to occur correctly? Is designed to receive only sperm from the same species. Which of the following statements about mitosis is not true? What is its role in males? To what does the term chiasma refer? The incidence of Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, increases with increasing maternal age. The correct option is D All of the above In sexually reproducing organisms, the new organism is formed by the union of cells from the mother and the father. Which of the following is/are true about sexual reproduction? C) They use meiosis in order to produce the gametes. meiosis does not occur in reproductive cells. Meiosis occurs during all of the following EXCEPT Metaphase I - Tetrads move to the "equator" or metaphase plate - attach to spindle fibers Anaphase I - homologous chromosomes separate (keeping chromotids intact) Telophase I - events occur in the reverse order from the events in prophase Ispindle broken down two new cells are formed, chromo . The haploid cells are genetically different from each other due to crossing over in Prophase I and independent assortment in Anaphase I. which association of structure and function is incorrect? e. neither A, B, or C. All of the above involve mitosis, a nonfunctional cell formed at the same time as an egg cell. spermatogenesis in males results in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only one egg and three structures that contain genetic information that is lost when they disintegrate. A) During metaphase I of meiosis, the bivalents are present at the metaphase plate; during metaphase of mitosis, the duplicated chromosomes are at the metaphase plate. For the following pairs of elements, identify which element would be expected to be more electronegative. Neither A B. species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X. A. Cytokinesis Explain. B. species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X. C. species X should have a better chance of surviving than species Y. D. neither species should have an advantage in surviving since organisms often become extinct when the environment changes. They undergo "endomitosis" where one extra chromosome replication results in a tetraploid cell before meiosis begins. No fertilization can occur, and the eggs develop into female lizards. There is only one chromosome of each type in each body cell, In the bone marrow, stem cells produce erythrocytes which lose their nucleus and function for a few months in the bloodstream before they die. All of the following are true about the chromosomes of a multicellular organism EXCEPT: Meiosis accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT The cell cycle is divided into an interphase and a mitotic (M) phase. Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not. A) another name for an egg cell. Homologous chromosomes are similar in size, carry genes for the same traits, and are similar in shape and centromere location. b. Disorders of chromosome number include the duplication or loss of entire chromosomes, as well as changes in the number of complete sets of chromosomes. Species X reproduces asexually by fission and species Y reproduces sexually. One chromosome of the pair came from mom, the other from dad. Normal female 2n offspring result without fertilization. Meiosis I DNA replication precedes the start of meiosis I. Prophase I. (E) Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate in meiosis I. (2) Nature of self pollination. C) crossing-over Which of the following normally results from meiosis in a human cell that contains 46 chromosomes? C) spermatogenesis. Before the time of Gregor Mendel and genetics, sexual reproduction was thought to produce a blending or equal mixing of the parents' traits. Ultimate control of testes development is by the .which secretes .. hypothalamus; gonadotropin-releasing hormone. B) Nuclear envelope will dissolve. Mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that divides the nuclear material while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm. C. 22. Nondisjunction: Meiosis is the fundamental process that is behind sexual reproduction with the formation of offspring that are genetically unique from each other and ever from their parents.. In meiosis, there are four daughter cells. Interkinesis is different from interphase in which way? iii. Chapter 10 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction, Chapter 12 Study Guide Molecular Biology of t, Chapter 11 Mendelian Patterns of Inheritence, Chapter 5 Study Guide Membrane Structure and, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. What is the probable evolutionary mechanism for this occurring? carry the same alleles for all traits. B) They carry the same alleles for all traits. 3. A) Homologous chromosomes form tetrads. Sex chromosome aneuploids are better tolerated and have a better chance of producing survivors.

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