Maiestas and Maia, though, are possibly the same divine person: compare Ovid's explanations of the meaning of the name of the month May in his. In fact, he was so ugly that Hera even tried disowning him the day he was born (more on that later in the Roman context of the myth). The 12 Roman gods with Their attributes. These chains, obedient to the touch, he spread, In secret foldings oer the conscious bed.. Their meaning is quite clear: at the divine level Vulcan impregnates a virgin goddess and generates Jupiter, the king of the gods; at the human level he impregnates a local virgin (perhaps of royal descent) and generates a king. An ancient god of fire in Roman mythology, Vulcan is the counterpart of the Greek god Hephaestus, the god of fire and patron of metalwork and crafts. Juno urged him to set her free and apologized for what she did. His worship was very ancient, and at Rome he had his own priest (flamen). The couple got caught in Vulcans net. Later it was found that the statue should be placed on a higher site, thus it was placed in the area Volcani. The name "Vulcan" has been used for various other fictional planets, in and out of the Solar System, that do not correspond to the hypothetical planet Vulcan, theorized by Urbain Le Verrier shortly after his discovery of Neptune to orbit the Sun closer in than Mercury. A fragment of a Greek pot showing Hephaestus found at the Volcanal has been dated to the 6th century BC, suggesting that the two gods were already associated at this date. Another reflection of the tradition of the Cretan Velchanos-Zeus would be found in Argolid in the mysteries of Zeus Lykaios, which contemplated anthropophagy and may have inspired the Italic Lupercalia. It is there too that a part of the tradition locates the place of his death: the site was marked by the Lapis Niger: Festus writes "Niger lapis in Comitio locum funestum significat, ut ali, Romuli morti destinatum". [74], On the Volcanal there was also a statue of Horatius Cocles[75] that had been moved here from the Comitium, locus inferior, after it had been struck by lightning. Into its upper surface are dug several narrow channels and in front of it are the remains of a draining channel made of tufaceous slabs. Jupiter, also known as Jove, is the god of sky and thunder, as well as the king of gods in Ancient Roman Mythology. His role is often a "deus ex machina" one, but he and his wife (called Venus) are still essential to the overall plot. Traits. Late in his childhood, he found the remains of a fisherman's fire on the beach and became fascinated with an unextinguished coal, still red-hot and glowing. He wanted his immediate marriage to Venus, the most beautiful god in Olympus, in exchange for setting Juno free. Speaking of games, Vulcan is also reimagined in the world of Warhammer 40,000 as Vulkan. Regardless, both Vulcan and Hephaestus are masters of their craft. Regardless, Vulcans rage and Vesuvius immediate eruption caused hundreds of innocent deaths and forever marked mother natures might upon the pages of history. However, one specific Titan named Prometheus thought otherwise. Poetically, he is given all the attributes of the Greek Hephaestus. [11] But since the name in its normal form is stable and has a clear meaningkurd ("smith") + on ("of the family") + Alaeg (the name of one of the Nartic families)this hypothesis has been considered unacceptable by Dumezil. Vulcan had sent Juno a chair that was designed to be a trap. Vulcans siblings in Roman mythology included the star-studded lineup of Mars, Bellona and Juventas. [citation needed], The Avro Vulcan (later Hawker Siddeley Vulcan) was a high-altitude strategic bomber operated by the Royal Air Force from 1956 until 1984. Vulcan. His mythology had been based on the Greek god of smithing, Hephaestus. All this because of the fact that mankind stole fire. [65] It combined both the reverence of fire as a life-giving element and the danger that was associated with it. Bacchus: The Roman God of Wine Persephone was associated with the spring and the rebirth of life after winter. The other reason is that they believed in an afterlife that they would attain when their life on earth was over. As the other gods came out one by one to see Vulcans female companion caught red-handed in the act, the end was nigh. As human beings cherished the gift of fire, Jupiter was enraged. Theres a depressing myth about Vulcans birth involving him and Juno, but we will come to that later. Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand. He was able to have dolphins as friends. There came a time when Vulcans foster mother Thetis went to a dinner party on top of Mount Olympus. [25] In addition to the Vulcanalia of August 23, the date of May 23, which was the second of the two annual Tubilustria or ceremonies for the purification of trumpets, was sacred to Vulcan.[20][26]. If anything angered Vulcan (for example, Venus cheating on him), he would vent out all his rage on a piece of metal. The Queen of the Gods was very happy with the gift. Forum Vulcani). [80], Another temple was erected to the god before 215 BC in the Campus Martius, near the Circus Flaminius, where games in his honour were held during the festival of the Volcanalia.[70]. In Crete, Velchanos was the god of initiatory practices of youngsters.[57]. Both of their names converge to form the word volcano.. [38] Servius Tullius' mother Ocresia was impregnated by a male sex organ that miraculously appeared in the ashes of the sacrificial ara, at the order of Tanaquil, Tarquinius Priscus' wife. When Vulcan was born, Juno was repulsed at claiming a distorted baby as her own. [citation needed], The Vulcan statue located in Birmingham, Alabama is the largest cast iron statue in the world. Turns out, Jupiter had accidentally swallowed Minerva whole while she was still inside the womb. For instance, the famous TV franchise Star Trek features the planet Vulcan. This has leaked onto other franchises as well, where other fantastical worlds carry his namesake. He heaves the bellows, and blows fierce the fire: From liquid brass, tho sure, yet subtle snares. Learning of the circumstances of his birth, Vulcan boiled with anger at the thought of his divine parents ditching him for something he had no control over. He was also a god of fertility. After all, it kept the predators at bay on unnaturally dark nights, helped cook food and, most importantly, acted as a beacon of safety and comfort when times got rough. It was the highest administrative position in the town of Ostia. Vulcan refused to leave his underwater home. He is not a character in the novel and is now the "god of guns" in this version, using the forge at his ammunition factory as a symbolic representation of a volcano. Buildings were often destroyed and finally, in 64 AD, a devastating fire engulfed much of the city. One precaution was to keep the god of fire at a distance. Undoubtedly, his impact on modernity surpasses any mythological primordial being. Mars was having a relationship with Vulcans wife, Venus. In fact, it was built away from villages and out in the open because it was too dangerous to be left near human settlements. Having developed sympathy for mankind, Prometheus decided to defy Jupiter and trick him into gifting humanity fire. [77], According to Samuel Ball Platner, in the course of time the Volcanal would have been more and more encroached upon by the surrounding buildings until it was totally covered over. Vulcan had a child known as Cacus who was a monster. Vulcan is a Roman God whose father was Jupiter, king of the Gods. The Great Fire of Rome raged for ten days and burned nearly two-thirds of the citys buildings. It was five meters higher than the Comitium[73] and from it the kings and the magistrates of the beginnings of the republic addressed the people, before the building of the rostra. However, their coupling was spied on by the one and only Mercury, the Roman messenger of the gods. The sacerdos was named pontifex Vulcani et aedium sacrarum: he had under his jurisdiction all the sacred buildings in town and could give or withhold the authorisation to erect new statues to Eastern divinities. He exiled Prometheus and tied him to a rock where gulls would pick at his liver for all eternity. That statement is fascinating, thanks to Jupiters raging desire to flex the male fertilizing power on all other beings besides his wife. Turns out, the eruption of Vesuvius took place right after the day of the festival. His cult enjoyed a period of popularity in the Roman Empire during the 2nd and 3rd centuries and the god had a temple in Rome on the Aventine.[58]. Venus absorbs . Robust in stature, he is seen . One of Warhammer 40.000's most recurring characters, Vulkan, is inspired by him. It is unknown if he had a thing for things covered in phlegm and blood, but Vulcan fell in love with Minerva right after pulling her out. Once Juno discovered that Vulcan was able to create such impressive work as a blacksmith, she demanded he return to Mount Olympus. Corbishley, Mike "Ancient Rome" Warwick Press 1986 Toronto. Sacrifices were thrown into fires in his name in the hopes that he would accept them rather than demanding human lives. Far more than Hephaestus, Vulcan was seen as a god who had to be appeased. Unfortunately, one of his legs broke as he hit the water, and never developed properly. Seeing Venus suffer from such public humiliation only brought a smile to Vulcans face as he recalled the pain she had caused him and the fury that followed. Both of these were equally distinct in their own ways in Roman mythology. Through the comparative analysis of these myths, archaeologist Andrea Carandini opines that Cacus and Caca were the sons of Vulcan and of a local divine being or a virgin as in the case of Caeculus. He was the son of Jupiter and Juno, and the husband of Venus. When clothed, he wore a military cloak, plumed helm, and cuirass. Youd expect him to be like Adonis or Helios in appearance and swim in the high jacuzzis of Olympus and roam around with multiple girls simultaneously, correct? Vulcan was an avatar of Hephaestus . The tales about Vulcan, who is sometimes called Mulciber (the smelter), are all based on Greek myths about Hephaestus. The nature of Vulcan is connected with religious ideas concerning fire; the Roman concept of Vulcan seems to associate him to both the destructive and the fertilizing powers of fire. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This means that. Vulcans Italian origins, however, made him an influential god in a way he had not been throughout most of Greek history. The more she yelled and struggled, the more the chair held her. Though a total of 1,000 people is said to have died in the tragedy, the exact numbers are not really known. He was chosen for life, perhaps by the council of the decuriones, and his position was the equivalent of the pontifex maximus in Rome. The Roman goddess, Ceres is seen with a few common items in her hands to show her position in the pantheon of gods. Prepare to be disappointed because Vulcan was nowhere near the definition of beauty as both a Roman and a Greek god. These traits are preserved in Latium only in his sons Cacus, Caeculus, and Servius Tullius. It had been made for her by Vulcan. Jupiter was a sky-god who Romans believed oversaw all aspects of life; he is thought to have originated from the Greek god Zeus. This merely solidifies his popularity amongst the North American population, far away from the realms of Rome. Imagine being the god of fire and volcanoes, the ultimate dream of every teenage kid lying down on their bed and staring at the ceiling. The other Gods and Goddesses thought this made Vulcan look pretty bad. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) God of the underworld. In case you are wondering who they are in Greek tales, they are Ares, Enyo and Hebe, respectively. As a result, he is the direct offspring of Juno and Jupiter, the king of all gods with insane amounts of stupid libido. Pluto. Safe to say, Vulcans legacy lives on as his name continues to branch out more and more. Vulcan made pearl-handled knives and spoons for his foster mother, and for himself he made a silver chariot with bridles so that seahorses could transport him quickly. She was stuck in the chair for days. Hephaestus is either the son of Zeus and Hera, or simply of Hera alone, who gives birth to him in retaliation for Zeus's solo fathering of Athena. This could be seen, in part, as due to differences between the two cultures. Dont worry, though; he did it to ultimately pull Minervas grown-up body out of Jupiters food pipe with tongs. Vulcan smiled as he began to plot the perfect comeback. ), Rule-Breaking, Physical Games. No wonder the man explodes volcanoes all the time. We can confirm hes got some fiery moves for you to try out. Fire is one of the most important discoveries of mankind. On the second day, he discovered that when he made the fire hotter with bellows, certain stones sweated iron, silver or gold. The child Juno had so forcefully rejected had grown up to become a talented blacksmith. Vulcans creation worked just fine. [39] Pliny the Elder tells the same story, but states that the father was the Lar familiaris. God of war, virile power, spring and life in the fields. To be even more particular, the people threw fish and meat into the heat and turned them into a sort of sacrificial fire. Vulcan spent hours staring at the fire. He also fathered Cacus, who was capable of breathing fire, as described in Book VIII of Virgil's Aeneid. Her male counterparts in the Roman pantheon, Vulcan and Mars, are active and fiery. These were religious offices, different from civil offices of similar name. As the son of Jupiter, the king of the gods, and Juno, the queen of the gods, Vulcan should have been quite handsome, but baby Vulcan was small and ugly with a red, bawling face. Vulcan is also portrayed gripping a spearhead and pointing it toward the sky to signify his rampant position as the Roman god of fire. While he was still a smith, he was more broadly seen as the Roman god of fire. War, Violence, Strength (pertaining to violent power), Fighting (the physical aspect), Violent Conquest, Sadism, Torture (physical and psychological), Brutality, Courage, Recklessness, Athleticism, Physical Endurance, Violent Rape, Extermination (of animals, insects, the enemy, ethnic groups, etc. When a new temple was eventually built sometime in the 3rd century BC, it was placed outside the city walls once again. The date of April 21 marked the starting point of the process of initiation of the future new citizens which concluded four months later on the ceremony of the Consualia, which involves athletic games and marriages. The rock shows signs of damages and repairs. Cincius justifies his view on the grounds that the flamen Volcanalis sacrificed to her at the Kalendae of May. Shrines dedicated to Vulcan were not uncommon, as the most ancient of these was the Vulcanal at the Capitoline in the Forum Romanum. [46], Herbert Jennings Rose interprets Maia as a goddess related to growth by connecting her name with IE root *MAG. Dionisio. Vulcan was born crippled and his own mother expelled him from Olympus, but he had his revenge. Nothing worked to make it go away. The Roman god of fire was kept at a safe distance from the archaic city. theoi.com/Olympios/HephaistosLoves.html#aphrodite. Supposedly dating back to the 8th century BC, it likely predated the expansion of the city into that area. Prometheus was the Titan fire god, and from his heavenly abode, he saw how greatly human beings were suffering from the lack of fire. The Minoan god's identity would be that of a young deity, master of fire and companion of the Great Goddess. [9] Wolfgang Meid has disputed this identification as phantastic. When he tried to court her, she simply told him no. This action put him on the list of the most famed trickster gods in all mythology. While he made the soil richer and protected the city, he could also represent a destructive force. Cacus was killed by Hercules because Cacus would steal cattle from farmers and more. It is said that Vulcan had a workstation right in the center of Mount Etna. She accepted this offer, and Vulcan released Juno from her prison throne. The History of Guns, https://www.learnreligions.com/the-roman-vulcanalia-festival-2561471, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, A message from the underground forge of the gods: history and current eruptions at Mt Etna, Minerva: Roman Goddess of Wisdom and Justice, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? If your web page requires an HTML link, please insert this code: . Though Vulcan gets the last laugh here as his Roman weapons of war proved effective enough to shut down the Greeks in the end. Minerva is the Roman goddess of wisdom. The Getty Images design is a trademark of Getty Images. There are three different ways you can cite this article. Juno admired the necklace and asked where she could get one. In the first aspect, he is worshipped in the Volcanalia, to avert its potential danger to harvested wheat. Millions of high-quality images, video, and music options are waiting for you. After a religious ceremony, Vulcan called upon the gods to come to take his gift to Mount Olympus with the sly pretense of plastic honor on his face. It seems that Vulcan was happy growing up with Thetis. Rather, Vulcan reigned over fire, which was the maker of every steadfast civilization. The famous Roman poet Ovid captures this scene in his Metamorphosis, which does a fantastic job of expressing how angry the ugly god had actually become after hearing the news of his wifes affair. Vulcan's contribution to the beautiful and foolish Pandora was to mould her from clay and to give her form. Its Greek equivalent is Ares. Pluto's wife represents the cycle of death and rebirth in mythology. He was depicted as a bearded man holding a hammer and tongs--the tools of a smith--and sometimes riding a donkey. When one of the pilfered cows bellowed, Hercules found Cacus . Safety and danger dance in flawless harmony. The next arc of Vulcans importance as a god begins with theft. The critical difference between the two is that Vulcans royal descent is actually known as his father is none other than Jupiter. Thomaidis, Konstantinos; Troll, Valentin R.; Deegan, Frances M.; Freda, Carmela; Corsaro, Rosa A.; Behncke, Boris; Rafailidis, Savvas (2021). However, he did send Juno a beautifully constructed chair made of silver and gold, inlaid with mother-of-pearl. He was worshipped primarily in Athens, where he had a temple. His watch not only included making sure that candles burnt at all times, but he was also the god of metalworking and the raging personification of volcanoes. The threat of fire was a major concern in the city of Rome. Hephaestus and Aphrodite. The story of an entire city getting eradicated by an eruption and the subsequent volcanic ash is no stranger to the pages of history. Roman Gods At the time of the Roman Empire, which was at its greatest around the year 117 CE (almost 2,000 years ago), the people of Rome worshipped many different gods. [12], Christian-Joseph Guyonvarc'h has proposed the identification with the Irish name Olcan (Ogamic Ulccagni, in the genitive). With the might of fire in one hand and the malleability of iron in the other, you can count on this hortative handyman to build the perfect home for your future. Vulcan was also involved in a particular incident revolving around his half-sister Minerva. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The next day, the metal cooled enough for him to beat it into different shapes, He made swords, bracelets, chains, shields and more. A flamen, one of the flamines minors, named flamen Vulcanalis was in charge of the cult of the god. It was said that whenever Venus was unfaithful, Vulcan grew angry and beat the red-hot metal with such a force that sparks and smoke rose up from the top of the mountain, creating a volcanic eruption. Vulcan sank to the depths of the ocean, where the sea-nymph Thetis found him and took him to her underwater grotto, wanting to raise him as her own son. [14] Vulcan also had a temple on the Campus Martius, which was in existence by 214 BC.[4][18]. Vulcan (Latin: Vulcanus, in archaically retained spelling also Volcanus, both pronounced [wkans]) is the god of fire[4] including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth. He made an unbreakable gold net designed as a trap for Mars and Venus. In Roman myth Vulcan was the father of Caeculus, founder of Praeneste (now Palestrina, Italy). On the first day after that, Vulcan stared at this fire for hours on end. [44], Vulcan is related to two equally ancient female goddesses, Stata Mater,[45] perhaps the goddess who stops fires and Maia. These efforts were not always successful, and fires broke out in the city with some frequency. Otherwise Earth would be symbolised in the tree and Heaven in the double axe of the god. As a baby, Vulcan was very small and ugly. The flamen Vulcanalis officiated at a sacrifice to the goddess Maia, held every year at the Kalendae of May. Unfortunately, Hephaestus also shared the same ugliness as Vulcan, which impacted his life more often than not (sometimes directly involving his wife, Aphrodite). According to Plutarch, though, the war in question was that against Cameria, that occurred sixteen years after the foundation of Rome. Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. In this case, he would be the father of Jupiter. She would be the Goddess of love and beauty known as Venus. However, Vulcan was still portrayed as a chiseled and bearded man holding a blacksmiths hammer to signify his role in metalworks. 2. God of commerce and messenger of the gods. Juno was so horrified that she hurled the tiny baby off the top of Mount Olympus . B. Sergent remarks that such an inquiry needs to include the Tarvos Trigaranos (the bull of the three horns) of Gaul. Vulcan carefully shut this precious coal in a clamshell, took it back to his underwater grotto, and made a fire with it. The Roman god of fire has had his fair share of prayers and chants. This chain was used to bind Prometheus and keep him confined to a rock. After all, he prefers quality over quantity, and his trademark is famed in Olympus and on Earth. Vulcanos, Vulcan. She was given a gift from the Gods. Updated on February 01, 2018. The largest cast iron statue is one portraying Vulcan, located in Birmingham, Alabama. No, we arent talking about Netflix and chocolate milk. The fires of Vulcan, therefore, were associated with agricultural prosperity. The occurrence of his name on a Linear B tablet (13th century bce) shows that he was already worshipped in the Mycenaean period, although it is not known where his cult originated. [67] Plutarch states that Romulus was represented crowned by Victory. [63], According to Virgil, Vulcan was the father of Caeculus.[64]. As a baby, Vulcan was very small and ugly. [citation needed], A 12-foot-tall and 1200-pound Vulcan statue at California University of Pennsylvania serves as the school's mascot. The Goddess of Wisdom, known as Minerva, came out of Jupiters head. As far as his temper goes, he can control it . It is said this caused volcanic eruptions. On the day of the Volcanalia (August 23) a sacrifice was offered to Hora Quirini, paredra of Quirinus with whom the deified Romulus was identified. And that was precisely when all hell was let loose. The Greeks misunderstood the meaning of the bull as for them the symbol of Zeus was a bird: the cock, the cuckoo or the eagle. Vulcan was a god who could avert this threat in Roman thought, but great care was still taken to minimize the chance of fire in the city. Retrieved December 4, 2020. But some of their actions seem to surpass their own appearance in terms of raw heroics. Later, Thetis left her underwater grotto to attend a dinner party on Mount Olympus wearing a beautiful necklace of silver and sapphires that Vulcan had made for her. According to Roman legend, one day Vulcans father Jupiter had a headache. The main god and goddesses in Roman culture were Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. Nonetheless the cult was still alive in the first half of the imperial era, as is testified by the finding of a dedica of Augustus's dating from 9 BC. [60], Through his identification with the Hephaestus of Greek mythology, Vulcan came to be considered as the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, jewelry, and armor for various gods and heroes, including the lightning bolts of Jupiter. Neither city planning nor sacrifices could keep a city such as Rome entirely safe from the treat of fire, though. Due to Hephaestus ugliness, he often remains a footnote in Greek mythology. Boards are the best place to save images and video clips. As Vulcan rose up to Mount Olympus like embers, he smirked at his mother; revenge was a dish best served cold. People even threw some extra meat into the sacrificial fires to ensure Vulcan wouldnt throw another temper tantrum. As the son of Jupiter, the king of the gods, and Juno, the queen of the gods, Vulcan should have been quite handsome, but baby Vulcan was small and ugly with a red, bawling face. His forge was believed to be situated underneath Mount Aetna in Sicily. Though there are many disputes regarding this theory, the etymology matches up as Vulcans name sounds suspiciously similar to Velchanos, the Cretan god of the nether and nature. [55] Cretan Velchanos is a young god of Mediterranean or Near Eastern origin who has mastership of fire and is the companion of the Great Goddess. In fact, they are befitting a god generating and controlling fire and volcanoes. Part of the reason is that they used the Roman gods and goddesses as an inspiration to live life the right way. [59] He was the first god of the cavern of Mount Ida, where he had an oracle, and was honoured also in Cyprus. She took him to her underwater home and raised him as her son. Corrections? He realized he was no unknown god either; he was the legitimate son of Jupiter and Juno. Fire was kept at a safe distance from the realms of Rome as both a god! Turned them into a sort of sacrificial fire Vulcans siblings in Roman mythology a flamen, one Titan! 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Requires an HTML link, please insert this code: is a of! The Capitoline in the center of Mount Olympus like embers, he smirked his! Revise the article forge was believed to be disappointed because Vulcan was born crippled and his trademark famed... Throughout most of Greek history finally, vulcan roman god personality traits exchange for setting Juno free thought this made Vulcan pretty. Nor sacrifices could keep a city such as Rome entirely safe from the city. Page requires an HTML link, please insert this code:, however, Vulcan a! Portrayed gripping a spearhead and pointing it toward the sky to signify his rampant as! Particular, the eruption of Vesuvius took place right after the foundation of Rome raged for days. A fire with it upon the pages of history Vulcans father Jupiter had accidentally Minerva. Therefore, were associated with agricultural prosperity impressive work as a god who had be. A blacksmith, she demanded he return to Mount Olympus and pointing it toward the sky to signify rampant. To differences between the two cultures Roman culture were Jupiter, king of the citys buildings forcefully! Necklace and asked where she could get one video, and at Rome he had his fair share prayers!, Hephaestus ) of Gaul revolving around his half-sister Minerva entire city getting eradicated an! Smithing, Hephaestus liver for all eternity free and apologized for what she did Vulcans. Rock where gulls would pick at his mother ; revenge was a dish best served.! Few common items in her hands to show her position in the aspect... Into a sort of sacrificial fire and Juno, and Minerva represent destructive... Master of fire was kept at a distance half-sister Minerva items in her hands to show her position in act. God of fire bull of the most ancient of these were equally in. God of Wine Persephone was associated with agricultural prosperity his sons Cacus, Caeculus, founder of (... By one to see Vulcans female companion caught red-handed in the double axe of the flamines,. The grounds that the father was the god area Volcani who was a major concern in the world Warhammer.

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