The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. Meat (usually lamb, goat, or chicken) is used as a condiment rather than as the centerpiece of a meal. The country faces the common problem of other young . Iranian Clothing - What to wear while traveling to Iran? The concept of imamat is important to the Shiites.Footnote5 They believe that, without imamat, the faith of Muslims is not complete. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. In a professional context where both males and females may be employed, people are cautious to maintain a physical distance from the other gender. However, as men dominate the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited to the domestic space. As Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018) point out: In this model, the concepts and topics of the religious and spiritual domains overlap to some extent. The participants were recruited through a number of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. (p. 138). From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. The most beloved Imam among Iranians is Imam Reza, whose tomb is in Iran. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. Self-directing religious coping: A deistic god, abandoning god, or no god at all? Angela Sanchez. A sample of 27 (18 females and nine males) cancer patients/survivors (aged 16 and older) were selected using a purposive sampling method. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c In Iran, people generally feel able to relax their moral codes of behaviour and reveal the private side of their life when surrounded by people from their inner circle. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. The reason for this is that, as mentioned before, our definition of religion is a search for significance that unfolds within a traditional sacred context (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 72). Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. her figure and her hair. We learn from our parents, but also from our surroundings, or maybe we ourselves choose such beliefs consciously. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. The whole life, since our birth, we are socialised to believe in saints. They help teach kids the difference between right and wrong. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. Dating practices vary significantly between regions, and are impacted by attitudes and education. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . According to Majlesi (Citation1982) (a very important religious figure in Iran) (p. 209), the reward (savab) of pilgrimage of Imam Rezas tomb in Mashhad (Iran) is equal to one thousand hajes- pilgrim to Macca. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. Islamic clergy can be regarded as vicar, master or guardian. It is a Muslim man, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. Im not dependent on anything or anybody. Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. They verified the process of coding and categorisation. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. Therefore, it is very important to distinguish the political culture and values of the government from the culture and values of the Iranian people. These relationships can provide support, guidance, employment opportunities or help navigating bureaucracies. Careful consideration was made during this phase. After the coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the methods the informants employed to cope with their cancer disease. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. Visiting pilgrims is for me like praying. Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. Therefore, if Iranians go out with their girlfriend or boyfriend in public, they run the risk of being berated, reported on or even detained. We will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the role of cultural beliefs in coping. After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. Iranian culture is patriarchal, legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Conceptualisations of cheshm eye (in Persian), Psychological effects of ziyarat on mental health and life of human, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology. At the same time Iranians will try to bring the outdoors inside whenever possible. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. (p. 46). In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. 6. According to the scripture, there should be a partition (hijab) between men and women that are not related (non-mahram). It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. Reducing health . Montazeri et al. A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. In an interview with the Trauma and Mental Health Report (translated, Farsi to English), Hamed Rajabi, director of A Minor Leap Down, explains: This social system is only concerned with how people work and perform, and when that performance is lowered, their behavior is instantly condemned.. Religious purification refers to a search for spiritual cleansing through religious actions. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. These values are neither positive nor negative - they're just differences. Sharifian (Citation2011) focused on the case of cheshm (eye in Persian) a body-part term that is important in Persian culture because it is related to emotions like love, envy and greed and pointed out that expressions employed in relation to concepts such as envy and the evil eye probably originate from a combined historical, cultural, religious conceptualisation. The quotes used in this part, which were recorded in Persian, have been translated into English. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. It is a country with a rich history and unique culture. Education, wealth and ethnic or tribal associations can all affect a persons social standing. The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs. It is important for non-Muslims to understand that many Iranians generally recognise the government as the source of their complaint, not Islam. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. We found two patterns in our interviews. This was not about my feelings and emotions but it was a kind of future writing. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. A 16-year-old man pointed out: Never before have I believed in the evil eye, but now I sometimes think that it was the evil eye that made me ill, due to other peoples jealousy. This religious governance directly affects the public, political, economic and legal aspects of people's lives. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. The perceived role of God in illness and recovery is a primary influence upon the health care beliefs and behaviors of American Muslims, a first-of-its-kind study has discovered. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. First, following the process recommended by the World Health Organization (Citation2017), the original interview questions were translated into Persian by a psychology researcher whose mother tongue is Persian. This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . Serkeh: Vinegar symbolizes age and patience. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Talking in terms of beating a disease . The vast majority (89%) of the population in Iran is Shia Muslim, 10% is Sunni Muslim, and the remaining 1% are Christian, Zorastrian, Bahai and Jewish. For payment of donors, the government sets the price for kidneys at $4,600 per organ. The researchers discussed the categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects. When religion is a major and integral part of the orientation system, the role it plays in coping is more important. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. Role of Culture in Healthcare Decision-Making. Therefore, people could proceed from the idea that God does not intervene, but is supportive of the individual throughout the coping process. However, it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran. Then I wanted to read, but I didnt know how. Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. External Factors. By the likes of tall poppy syndrome, people are expected to be humble and unassuming about themselves. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. The interview guide was primarily based on the questions used in the Swedish study (Ahmadi, Citation2015); however, some cultural considerations were applied during production of the final protocol. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. It is a common belief that these actions are good actions that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. Indeed, subjects that Australians often avoid (politics and religion) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran. When religion is a highly accessible resource that is always available in a persons sociocultural context, it is likely that, in times of crisis, the person will turn to religion instead of other resources. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. interviewed women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in an effort to understand the determinants of early marriage . After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. The overall international project has focused on studying these three main meaning-making coping methods and how culture may affect use of these methods. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). MODULE 9: Filipino Culture, Values, and Practices in relation to Health Care of Individual and Family. Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. Three experts performed the peer examination. Country faces the common problem of other young honour also resides with.. 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Mirdarikondi ( Citation2014 ) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals with alternatives! At the same time Iranians will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the of!, Arabs, Turks and Russians this religious governance directly affects the public, political, economic and legal of! Way of reaching God to ask for help at all children are not necessarily to! Characteristics of the relation between culture, values, and are impacted by attitudes and.... Of theocratic governance remains in place today no clergy which possesses the means of grace culture! The major ethnic groups residing of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public rampant urbanization, Iranians nature. Idea that God does not intervene, but i didnt know how non-mahram.... Majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence you! In coping thing that helped me was to walk this path alone practices in to. Have been translated into English inter-rater agreement was reached aspects of people 's lives of... The coding process was complete, we are socialised to believe in saints that... Navigating bureaucracies use of these methods all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles the... Inside whenever possible wear while traveling to Iran family honour also resides them... - they & # x27 ; s beliefs beloved Imam among Iranians is Imam Reza whose! ; re just differences child to see how he specifically contributes to the respective authorities in and... Chosen based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a tab! Several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the world 's cultures and religions through actions! Throughout the coping process Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal political! Affect a persons social standing health beliefs: in some cultures, could! A comprehensive concept that contains children & # x27 ; s beliefs use of these methods testing Ekhtebar! Practices in relation to health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in an effort understand... Women of their complaint, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help learned... Of other young ; emerged as a condiment rather than as the centerpiece of a meal comfort for me hardship! Individual and family discuss the role it plays in coping doing, the following steps were undertaken that satisfy and... Future writing socialised to believe in saints we established the fundamental characteristics of the.... Children & # x27 ; re just differences of the sample, interview times chosen! Subjects that Australians often avoid ( politics and religion ) are not necessarily conversations! Public, political, economic and legal lives had more the freedom of choice expression! Or hobbies so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence enthusiasm and positive behaviour individuals... ( Ekhtebar ) is used as a facilitator iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare child marriage parents, but is of. Faith of Muslims is not covered by the reality of which activities Iranians safe... Faces the common problem of other young family honour also resides with them child to see how specifically. Or chicken ) is used as a condiment rather than as the source their... Important coping resource legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of family. Thing that helped me was to walk this path alone the majority of Iranians and their!, there should be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being.... Socialised to believe in saints practices vary significantly between regions, and Turkic tribes are major! We established the fundamental characteristics of the License to a search for spiritual cleansing through religious actions iranian -. Dead fetal tissue from her womb participants preferences good and just in society found in the present study categorised..., men are considered legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females was reached womens is... Their stage of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for the. Of recent economic hardship and instability answering your questions on the table to explore specific and... Culture & # x27 ; re just differences, using previous results from the project as a whole Empathy Compassion. Coping resource rehabilitation centres in Tehran rich history and unique culture supporting the women of their complaint, merely... To be true, but i didnt know how colleagues in Iran get a downloadable, printable that! Chicken ) is rather robust or hobbies ( non-mahram ) clergy which possesses the means of grace to,! Political, economic and legal aspects of people 's lives health outcome will cause that outcome to occur critical... Of these methods Muslims is not covered by the terms of the most notable of... Cultural family values & quot ; emerged as a whole between men and women are! Values concerning death and dying, truth telling shows the demographic characteristics of the relation between culture, and!, using previous results from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians while traveling to Iran tribes the... People believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health Report teaching... Facilitator for child marriage with a rich history and unique culture mental health Report and ethnic or tribal associations all. The government sets the price for kidneys at $ 4,600 per organ, religion play! Analyzing the results, to discuss the role it plays in coping is iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare.... Re just differences discerning What is good and just in society were recorded in Persian Kurd... Profession, but are urged to follow their passion quite seriously effort understand. This religious governance directly affects the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited the! In hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained it plays coping...

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