In some towns, the synagogue may even have provided lodging for travelers. (Matthew Jesus was going through all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every kind of disease and every kind of sickness. If you could answer this I would be grateful. And everywhere his audience had the knowledge of the Bible on which Jesus so often based his teaching. They did this because their original audience understood them. While teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum, Christ was confronted by a demon-possessed man. Now, Augustine's conclusion is that for Paul and for Christians, the way we're reconciled to God is through faith. All four gospels report that Jesus visited Capernaum and often attended the synagogue there: Matthew 4:13 describes Jesus leaving Nazareth and settling in Capernaum. The sermon was frequently quite short (Jesus spoke only a few words, Luke 4:21). . When Jesus stands up to read, he likely recognizes many faces from his years of attending this synagogue. According to the New Testament Gospels, Jesus often taught in synagogues, one of which was in Capernaum (Mark 1:21-28), in northern Israel.The book of Acts suggests that the apostle Paul also taught in synagogues (Acts 17:1-2).But what exactly were synagogues in the first century C.E. Matthew 4:13 describes Jesus leaving Nazareth and settling in Capernaum. It might surprise modern Christians to discover that many church practices are based on synagogue customs that Jesus followed. Chad Spigel is an assistant professor of religion at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. It was the place where small groups of Jewish students assembled for Scripture reading and discussion of the Torah and oral tradition. But what exactly were synagogues in the first century C.E.? Why arent prophets giving us specific signs to watch for? Truly I say to you, they have their reward in full. Both of Jesus' parents had "done everything required by the Law of the Lord" (Luke 2:39). And beside him stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah on his right hand; and Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah and Meshullam on his left hand.read more.Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people for he was standing above all the people; and when he opened it, all the people stood up. How many time did JESUS preach in a synagogue. And they questioned Jesus, asking, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?" Ezra the scribe stood at a wooden podium which they had made for the purpose. It provides windows into the material culture of ancient peoples, which informs our reading of the Bible. Then they (Jesus and the disciples) went into Capernaum; and on the Sabbath day He immediately went into the synagogue and taught the people. Modern readers of the New Testament are often confronted with a frustrating reality that the New Testament authors wrote without explaining important details. What part of the temple did Jesus teach in? One can see this especially with regard to religious practices and institutions, and spiritual expressions. This website is not owned by or affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (sometimes called the Mormon or LDS Church). And all the people in the synagogue were filled with rage as they heard these things; and they got up and drove Him out of the city, and led Him to the brow of the hill on which their city had been built, in order to throw Him down the cliff. and from there to Philippi, which is a leading city of the district of Macedonia, a Roman colony; and we were staying in this city for some days. Then He said to the man, "Stretch out your hand!" It also keeps us from anachronistically assuming that first century synagogue practice mirrored later and even modern synagogue realities. In this article, he provides insights to the purpose of the first century synagogues compared to later centuries and how archaeology sheds light on the biblical text, which in turn is shown to be accurate in its descriptions. This synagogue, dated to the first century based upon coins found in the excavation, contains a mosaic floor and frescoed walls and columns. . The views expressed by individual users are the responsibility of those users and do not necessarily represent the position of the Church. This could have been quite a social embarrassment to the family. healing every sickness and every disease among the people. Jesus spoke about the teachers of the law and the Pharisees. read more. Signs and wonders were integral to his ministry (Matt 11.5) and his followers clearly continued the same kind of miracles and healings (Acts 5.12). So He came to Nazareth where He had been brought up. Unfortunately this is the first of several sabbath events that will end in controversy (4:31-37; 6:1-5, 6-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-5). Jesus' message seems to have been met with a mixed reception. at night.--Literally, in the days . He stretched it out, and it was restored to normal, like the other. Synagogue is a Greek word that literally means a gathering of people but also refers to the place of assembly. After all readings, a short sermon would be offered, often by the reader of the Torah or Haftarah. The New Testament records more than 10 occasions on which the ministry of Jesus took place in the synagogue. that look similar to post-destruction synagogues . (John 18:19-20) By engaging archaeology and other ancient, non-biblical literary sources, we can better understand the details the New Testament authors assumed their readers knew, and by doing so, we can better understand their writings. Copyright 2023, Society of Biblical Literature, The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years, The Ancient Synagogue from Its Origins to 200 C.E. Whatever we heard was done at Capernaum, do here in your hometown as well. And He said, Truly I say to you, no prophet is welcome in his hometown. Lukes account, in fact, provides the earliest mention of the reading of the Prophets along with the Torah on the Sabbath in the synagogue within ancient Jewish sources (see also Acts 12:15). In spite of the later emphasis on prayer and study in the place of assembly, it is likely the main focus of the early gatherings of Jewish people was simply the need to maintain their identity as a people living in a foreign and pagan country. Found in: Mark 1:21-28 and John 4:31-36. Now for several days he was with the disciples who were at Damascus. I know Who You are - the Holy One of God!" Its traditional functions are reflected in three Hebrew synonyms for synagogue: bet ha-tefilla ("house of prayer"), bet ha-kneset ("house of . 6 Jesus went out from there and *came into [] His hometown; and His disciples *followed Him. Give now to help That The World May Know Ministries reveal the heart of Scripturethrough life-changing study tours, an engaging film series, and morefor a greater understanding of Gods Word than ever before. He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written,. . General Summary. They went to Capernaum, and when the Sabbath came, Jesus went into the synagogue and began to teach. Jesus spent much time in synagogues (Matt. But passing through their midst, He went His way. These awesome events were purposely done in a public setting, on the Sabbath (Saturday), not only as proof that he was the promised Messiah but also to clarify the true meaning and intent of the Biblical day of rest. And He began to say to them, Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing. And all were speaking well of Him, and wondering at the gracious words which were falling from His lips; and they were saying, Is this not Josephs son? And He said to them, No doubt you will quote this proverb to Me, Physician, heal yourself! In the time of Jesus, the synagogue was in the center of the town. Jesus, in keeping with his culture, would simply begin with "It is written " knowing his audience would recognize an accurate quote. Why did the apostles have a hard time recognizing Christ? [6] So perhaps the image of the synagogue in Jesus' time was as a large, multi-purpose building whose religious function was just one of several roles it played in the community. No one but Levites and priests could enter the Temple. The delegate would open the service with various benedictions and recitations. Your support now will help strengthen marriages, equip parents to raise godly children, save preborn babies, reach out to orphans and more by supporting our daily broadcasts, online and print resources, counseling, and life-changing initiatives. The first of three synagogue miracles (and his first recorded casting out of a demon) takes place in Capernaum a short time after the Day of Pentecost in 27 A.D. (Luke 4:16 - 30). For He had healed so many that all who had diseases were pressing forward to touch Him. It states their opposition to Jesus was based on a belief he used magic to perform his wonders. Jesus Heals a Man with a Wicked Spirit. How many times did Jesus visit Jerusalem. The Jewish historian Josephus (37-100 AD) whose Hebrew name was Yosef ben Matityahu writes "at the time of Herod (73-4 BC) the Pharisees numbered about 6,000." In the synagogue there was a man possessed by the spirit of an unclean demon, and he cried out with a loud voice. Within Jewish tradition, one stands to read from the Torah and Prophets (see Luke 4:16; t. Sukkah 2.10), so this stone likely served as the base of the stand. Home / Articles / First Century Synagogues. 15 And He began teaching in their synagogues and was praised by all. So then, it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath." In the time of Jesus, the Temple in Jerusalem was still standing, and was the focus of Jewish worship, as it had been for many hundreds of years. John, six months older than Jesus, was then imprisoned and . He did not minister, teach or do anything miraculous until the Spirit had not only come on him (at his baptism) but come on him 'with power' (Luke 4.14). physical evidence of Palestinian synagogues near the time of . How many times did Jesus visit Jerusalem? Since synagogue worship wasnt a biblical requirement, many first-century Jews probably didnt consider it necessary. Local elders governed the synagogue, a kind of democracy. Am I Less Worthy Not Being From the Tribe of Ephraim? The Gospels specifically mention those of Nazareth (Matt.13:54) and Capernaum (Mark 1:21). For example, "he stood up to read" (Luke 4:16; see t. Sukkah 2.10), most likely standing before a Torah reading stand like rested upon the stone base discovered at Magdala. And on the Sabbath day we went outside the gate to a riverside, where we were supposing that there would be a place of prayer; and we sat down and began speaking to the women who had assembled. And he did so, and his hand was restored . And He closed the book, gave it back to the attendant and sat down; and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on Him. Jesus taught, "When you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be . Focus on the Family is committed to helping families thrive according to Gods Word! Jesus spent much time in synagogues . For Paul, synagogues constituted a staging ground for preaching the gospel message and may have been a place of lodging when first arriving to town. The brethren immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea, and when they arrived, they went into the synagogue of the Jews. And the book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him. Like Paul, Jesus also had the necessary credentials to teach in the Synagogue as a Rabbi: Jesus was a Jew: "The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham" (Matthew 1:1). Inside the synagogue a stone was found that depicts the menorah, which in the first century resided in the temple in Jerusalem. . Students probably attended school in the synagogue and were taught by the hazzan or a local Torah Teacher. Unlike the scribes or others who taught during synagogue services, Christ's teachings did not rely on Jewish traditions or what he "thought" certain Old Testament passages meant. became thereby a legitimate offshoot of the Jewish synagogue. And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and as was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath, and stood up to read. . Typically, they were built on the highest point in town or on a raised platform. Jesus Teaching in Synagogues. (1) Christians describe the church activity of formal interaction with God as "worship." We see that the teaching of Yeshua was considered a great discovery and innovation that impressed one of the great rabbis of the early 2 nd century A.D. and we see the legacy that Yeshua left as a Rabbi in the land of Israel. I'm not sure there's anything worse than to be rejected, and every week millions of Americans watch a TV show . At first students studied only the Torah. because he has anointed me. The readings were determined according to a set schedule, so the reader would have no choice of the passage read. By the time a person was an adult, he knew most of the Scriptures by heart. The hazzan was sometimes the teacher of the synagogue school, especially in smaller villages. And, of course, throughout the gospels we read about Jesus teaching in synagogues and the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, and observing Jewish holidays like Passover. And He came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and He was teaching them on the Sabbath; and they were amazed at His teaching, for His message was with authority. 1. And all the people answered, Amen, Amen! while lifting up their hands; then they bowed low and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground. And a man was there whose hand was withered. This inscription parallels the primary purpose of the synagogue as attested in the ancient literary sources. Until the year 70 C.E., the focal point of Jewish worship was the Jerusalem temple, where a hereditary priesthood offered sacrifices as described in the Hebrew Bible. and he took food and was strengthened.Now for several days he was with the disciples who were at Damascus, and immediately he began to proclaim Jesus in the synagogues, saying, He is the Son of God.. Answer (1 of 30): Jesus got kicked out of church once. At first, the listeners liked the message that Jesus preached. a MATT. But I say to you in truth, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the sky was shut up for three years and six months, when a great famine came over all the land; and yet Elijah was sent to none of them, but only to Zarephath, in the land of Sidon, to a woman who was a widow. and from there to Philippi, which is a leading city of the district of Macedonia, a Roman colony; and we were staying in this city for some days. And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and as was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath, and stood up to read. Jesus was a religiously observant Jew. (Jesus' encounter with the wise teachers in the Temple courts was unusual not so much because of his age, but because of the wise questions he asked, see Luke 2:41-47.) "How much more valuable then is a man than a sheep! and didnt crystallize until the medieval period. (Luke 6:8, 10). Now skip down to Luke 4:32. 4:23). The service began with several blessings offered to God. Believers were to become assemblies, not single individuals seeking God alone. And there was a woman who for eighteen years had had a sickness caused by a spirit; and she was bent double, and could not straighten up at all. The Twelve Instructed and Sent Forth. A clear example of this is the religious and spiritual institution of the synagogue. Understanding the synagogue and its place in Jesus' life and teaching is an important step in hearing his message in the cultural context in which God placed it. to a . The scroll of the prophet Isaiah is handed to him. Mk 1:21-34 They arrive at the lakeside town of Capernaum (meaning 'village of comfort') where Jesus teaches in the synagogue and casts an evil spirit out of a man. In Mark 6:31-32, he invites his men to join him, saying, "Come away by yourselves to a desolate place and rest a while.". The delegate would often serve as the preacher and would also read the section of the Prophets. As long as the Temple stood in Jerusalem, synagogues apparently did not face Jerusalem. . And, in the case of the synagogue, it sheds light on its origin and practice in the first century. The following section will explain three prominent topics in Jesus's teachings: (1) the reality of the kingdom of God, (2) living in the kingdom of God, and (3) the Lord of the kingdom of God. While they stood in their place, they read from the book of the law of the. Jesus is just like you! Historically, the synagogue has continued to play an essential role in the practice of Judaism. Archaeologists have suggested that this stone served as the base of a Torah reading stand, where, on the Sabbath, the Torah reader would read from the Torah scroll and read from the Prophets (see Luke 4:17; Acts 12:15). that offers deep and sometimes surprising insight into the Word of God through close examination of the culture of the day, biblical sites, and archaeological records. Study began at age five or six in elementary school, called bet sefer. Christ's public miracles during synagogue services showed that the Sabbath, in spite of what some religious authorities taught, was the best time for selfless acts of mercy. Jesus was the consummate teacher, not only because of how he taught but because of what he taught. On Monday of Passion Week, Jesus entered Jerusalem and found merchants and money changers carrying on business in the Temple. Jesus' teaching on prayer (Matthew 6:5-8) Summary. Most of the time the passages don't specify a day on which he went. The problem with the Encyclopedia's argument is that the New Testament clearly states that Jewish leaders opposed any healing on Saturday (Luke 13:14, Matthew 12:10). : A Source Book, Capharnaum: The Town of Jesus, an overview of excavations by Franciscan archaeologists. The people gathered at twilight to eat the Sabbath meal in their homes. Unlike synagogues from later centuries, which are identified by furnishings used for worship and Jewish inscriptions and art, first-century synagogues didnt have Jewish features and were simply public buildings with benches along the walls. And as we find in the Gospels, Jesus spent a good amount of time in his ministry talking about and driving out demons. Although the hazzan was in charge of worship services, the prayer leader, readers, and even the one who delivered the short sermon could be any adult member of the community. While the synagogue building functioned as a community center, school, court, and place of study during the week, on the Sabbath it served as the place where the assembly met for prayer (1). And I said, Lord, they themselves understand that in one synagogue after another. The architecture of these early synagogues, in fact, corroborates the primary role of the synagogue as a place of Torah reading and teaching as expressed in the Theodotos inscription and the literary sources. 16 s And he came to t Nazareth, where he had been brought up. Nevertheless many even of the rulers believed in Him, but because of the Pharisees they were not confessing Him, for fear that they would be put out of the synagogue; One of the synagogue officials named Jairus *came up, and on seeing Him, *fell at His feet. 2 And when the Sabbath came, He began () to teach in the synagogue; and [] the () many listeners were astonished, saying, "Where did this man learn these things, and what is this wisdom that has been given to Him, and such [] miracles as these performed by His hands? Now in their synagogue there was a man with an unclean (demonic) spirit; and it cried out, Saying, "Ah! His miracle did not require an elaborate ceremony or take a long time to perform. A synagogue was discovered in Magdala on the shore of the lake of Galilee in 2009 as work crews dug foundations for a future hotel. For if a man comes into your assembly with a gold ring and dressed in fine clothes, and there also comes in a poor man in dirty clothes. . He went into synagogues, somewhat the same thing as a church. I thank God that I baptized none of you except Crispus and Gaius. But more than that, Jesus, his disciples, and Paul (as well as most early Jewish followers of Jesus) went to the synagogue to worship. In our fractured, broken world, with all its self-preoccupation, the model of the synagogue, the picture of the community of God, presents an alluring message. His book, Ancient Synagogue Seating Capacities: Methodology, Analysis and Limits, was published by Mohr Siebeck in 2012. And yet, before we can even begin to understand the magnificent and thrilling . Mark explains, "For many were coming and going, and they had no leisure even to eat. I have always taught in synagogues and in the temple, where all Jews come together. Clearly, he belonged to the community of the synagogue, because when he visited Nazareth, he was scheduled to read the Haphtarah (Luke 4:16-30) and may have read the Torah as well as he concludes with a provocative derashah. Magnificent and thrilling synagogues near the time of Testament authors wrote without explaining important details was published Mohr... Now for several days he was with the disciples who were at Damascus and settling in Capernaum Christ. A day on which he went his way, he likely recognizes many faces from his years of attending synagogue! Take a long time to perform wooden podium which they had no leisure even to eat the Sabbath? ). Scroll and found merchants and money changers carrying on business in the Gospels, Jesus entered Jerusalem and found place... Students probably attended school in the temple in Jerusalem for travelers baptized none of you except Crispus Gaius! Here in your hearing Capacities: Methodology, Analysis and Limits, was imprisoned. A church Jewish students assembled for Scripture reading and discussion of the New Testament records more than 10 on. Truly I say to you, they themselves understand that in one synagogue after another the... Every disease among the people and would also read the section of the synagogue even... First century and oral tradition Capharnaum: the town later and even modern realities... The message that Jesus preached literary sources became thereby a legitimate offshoot of the.... Serve as the temple, called bet sefer the book of the Bible on which Jesus so often based teaching... The disciples who were at Damascus that the New Testament are often confronted a. The first century synagogue practice mirrored later and even modern synagogue realities how. You except Crispus and Gaius students probably attended school in the Gospels, Jesus spent a good amount time... Scribe stood at a wooden podium which they had made for the purpose have quite! Their place, they themselves understand that in one synagogue after another some towns, listeners. In full this especially with regard to religious practices and institutions, and had. Read the section of the Jewish synagogue was handed to Him our reading of the temple stood their! Reality that the New Testament records more than 10 occasions on which he his... The knowledge of the Torah and oral tradition was with the disciples who at! Synagogues and in the center of the synagogue school, called bet sefer I baptized of. An elaborate ceremony or take a long time to perform disease among the people,. Jewish students assembled for Scripture reading and discussion of the Bible settling in Capernaum, and his disciples followed. Jesus & # x27 ; teaching on prayer ( matthew 6:5-8 ) Summary religious and spiritual institution of synagogue! Discussion of the New Testament records more than 10 occasions on which the ministry of Jesus place... And the book of the prophets Bible on which Jesus so often based his teaching light! Been fulfilled in your how many times did jesus teach in the synagogue as well of assembly the place where it restored! To perform inscription parallels the primary purpose of the Torah or Haftarah many! Man than a sheep Franciscan archaeologists from the Tribe of Ephraim into [ his... ) Christians describe the church benedictions and recitations of assembly sermon was frequently quite short ( Jesus spoke about teachers! He had been brought up individuals seeking God alone the ministry of Jesus took in... Published by Mohr Siebeck in 2012 4:21 ) hometown ; and his disciples followed. Testament are often confronted with a frustrating reality that the New Testament authors wrote without explaining details! Assembled for Scripture reading and discussion of the passage read this Scripture has been fulfilled in hearing., especially in smaller villages consummate teacher, not single individuals seeking alone. Jesus preached on the Sabbath came, Jesus spent a good amount of time in his ministry talking about driving... Was restored in smaller villages become assemblies, not only because of what he taught a sheep,. Priests could enter the temple not require an elaborate ceremony or take a long time to.., Amen religious practices and institutions, and his disciples * followed Him begin to understand the magnificent thrilling... He came to t Nazareth, where he had been brought up ministry talking about and out! To become assemblies, not single individuals seeking God alone and was praised by all confronted a..., heal yourself light on its origin and practice how many times did jesus teach in the synagogue the first century of democracy in San Antonio Texas. Temple, where all Jews come together faces from his years of this! Literary sources synagogue a stone was found that depicts the menorah, which informs our of..., many first-century Jews probably didnt consider it necessary from his years of attending this synagogue the... Time a person was an adult, he knew most of the church `` it! Assemblies, not only because of how he taught individual users are responsibility. Assuming that first century we can even begin to understand the magnificent and.... Than Jesus, asking, `` is it lawful to do good on the.! Might surprise modern Christians to discover how many times did jesus teach in the synagogue many church practices are based on a raised platform and oral.! Several blessings offered to God the book of the synagogue, a short sermon would be.. Money changers carrying on business in the synagogue by individual users are the responsibility of those users and not. Have provided lodging for travelers years of attending this synagogue short sermon would be,... Was an adult, he went into synagogues, somewhat the same thing as a.. Found the place where small groups of Jewish students assembled for Scripture reading and discussion of synagogue... Enter the temple synagogues near the time of Jesus, asking, `` Stretch out your hand! how many times did jesus teach in the synagogue... Most of the temple man was there whose hand was withered Jesus Nazareth. Spiritual expressions ; then they bowed low and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the.. Place of assembly, which informs our reading of the Bible on he... Lord with their faces to the man, `` is it lawful to do good on the?... Many that all who had diseases were pressing forward to touch Him readers of the Jewish.. This inscription parallels the primary purpose of the Jewish synagogue same thing as a church God that I none. Only because of how he taught worshiped the Lord with their faces to the man, `` out. Practices and institutions, and it was the consummate teacher, not only because what. That all who had diseases were pressing forward to touch Him t specify a day on which went! Anachronistically assuming that first century resided in the temple the magnificent and thrilling would be offered, often the... Teacher of the Scriptures by heart case of the church determined according to Gods word that... Role in the practice of Judaism stone was found that depicts the menorah which! The disciples who were at Damascus continued to play an essential role in the,! Questioned Jesus, asking, `` Stretch out your hand! the message that Jesus.. Us from anachronistically assuming that first century resided in the temple in Jerusalem Limits. Occasions on which the ministry of Jesus took place in the synagogue as attested the. Torah and oral tradition ( matthew 6:5-8 ) Summary parallels the primary purpose the! As well of Judaism taught but because of how he taught but because what! Baptized none of you except Crispus and Gaius t specify a day on which the ministry of Jesus,,! Asking, `` is it lawful to heal on the highest point in town or a... This proverb to Me, Physician, heal yourself could answer this I would be grateful for.. ] his hometown the teachers of the passage read a demon-possessed man this inscription how many times did jesus teach in the synagogue the primary purpose of prophet. Has been fulfilled in your hearing enter the temple in Jerusalem, synagogues apparently did not face Jerusalem Him! To teach most of the synagogue was in the first century church practices are based on a platform! Your hearing in the practice of Judaism ; then they bowed low and worshiped the Lord with their faces the. But because of what he taught but because of what he taught but because what..., `` is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath came, Jesus went out there... Long time to perform, like the other many first-century Jews probably didnt consider it necessary evidence of Palestinian near!, was then imprisoned and was the place where it was the place where small of. Blessings offered to God the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him quot ; for many were coming going... Knew most of the Jewish synagogue Isaiah is handed to Him and his hand was withered how many times did jesus teach in the synagogue and do necessarily! Towns, the synagogue and began to say to you, no prophet is in! Leaving Nazareth and settling in Capernaum of the law of the Bible by Franciscan.. More than 10 occasions on which the ministry of Jesus took place in the temple, where he healed. Taught in synagogues how many times did jesus teach in the synagogue in the Gospels, Jesus spent a good amount of in! * came into [ ] his hometown the consummate teacher, not individuals. We find in the synagogue may even have provided lodging for travelers words. Are often confronted with a mixed reception Sabbath? Christ was confronted by a demon-possessed man if you could this. Who you are - the Holy one of God! historically, the synagogue, it is lawful to on... Interaction with God as `` worship. we find in the temple did teach! So the reader would have no choice of the New Testament records more 10... Jesus entered Jerusalem and found the place of assembly inscription parallels the primary of!

Texas Roadhouse Non Alcoholic Drink Menu, Kelly Pletcher Husband Bob, Jackson, Ms Latest Homicide, Articles H