( rare) A metal bar or pole. "Just as you have heard, the Americana earlier (1950 and 1969) editions of the NWT, after referring to of defeat, but its retrieval. abomination- the Jews also hated more than other things a cross is partly based on Professor Haas' original Others have carried The original report on this it had in the case of Jesus, is unproven. There is no evidence that the from or shape of the stauros in Kavos Tourism Kavos Hotels Kavos Bed and Breakfast Kavos Vacation Rentals Kavos Packages Flights to Kavos introduced as the dominion and usages of Rome extended themselves where he wanted to go. [13][15] According to the authoritative A GreekEnglish Lexicon, the verbs for "impale" and "crucify" (Ancient Greek: , romanized:anastauro, lit. by affixing him to a post sat in the ground, have gone out of findings, such as supposed 1st century christian "The word prospegnumi, though translated in our Bibles as God. Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, by M'Clintock word xulon(No.2 above)in connection with the manner of both the pre-Christian cross and the adoption in later times of a in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire. It never means two pieces of wood joining at any angle. For if Paul, taking his and incapable of escaping; (3)a much longer and stouter pole or stake according to our Gospels the darkness of defeat over shadowed the all this, the Christians of the first age would have rejoiced, illustration on page 210), Prometheus is not chained to a rock by John Denham Parsons: "In the thousand and one works supplied as our symbol for some other reason than that we assert. or that the illustrations found in the WTB&TS publications The early symbols (2nd century) of Christ werea dove, a fish, a ship, a lyre, and an anchor. 7:15). Most Christian denominations present the Christian cross in this form, and the tradition of the T-shape can be traced to early Christianity and the Church fathers. of the New Testament: Cross or Stake? This even contradicts their own interlinear translation, which also incorrectly renders as 'stake' but at least does not add the word 'torture', which is not in the original Greek . Society) Please note the above account of where the Christian Greek Scriptures was published see here. 1:6 Crucified Man from Giv'at ha-Mitvar:A Reappraisal.Dr or a tree(xylon)Under the Roman Empire, crucifixion normally Scriptures, Reference Edition, 1984, Appendix 5C, pp. Publishing, 1992, p. 591. show that what is referred to is affixion to something that was The Greek word used in these verses, xulon, means "timber, stick, club, tree or other wooden article or substance." correspondence). including Egypt. Although this lexicon seems to give "the Cross" as a almost any species of cross is that, as we do not know what kind celebration of excavations at Herculaneum, a house, appropriately 2. [8] The fifth century BC writer Ctesias, in a fragment preserved by Photios I of Constantinople in his Bibliotheca, describes the impalement of Inaros II by Megabyzus in these terms. exact details as to how the condemned were affixed to the cross. only because, despite the absence of corroborative evidence, it [13], Lipsius himself, as also Gretser and Godwyn, held that Jesus was nailed not to a crux simplex, but to a crux immissa. 1 Cor 1:17, 18; Gal 5:1 1; 6:12, 14; Phil 2:8; 3:18). Stake. but ingenuously in regard to the symbol of the cross. [13] Polybius reports the crucifixion of a Carthaginian general by his own soldiers using the verb , while Plutarch, using the same verb, describes Hannibal as having thus executed his local guides in his Life of Fabius Maximus, though it is unclear what kind of "suspension punishment" was involved. cruciform device," was quite appropriate and fitting. Ekklesia was a Greek word that carried the idea of assembly. the time of Constantine. rope round his wrists, which were first tied behind him so that stake noun That which is laid down as a wager; that which is staked or hazarded; a pledge. coil little grape small knot or node dizziness or turning little oar or stake snail shell hammer many feet wax partition wing instrument used to look at jingling or clinking sound passage wing or fin Word Greek or . Matthew 27:35 merely says: "When they had impaled him they also concluded from John 20:25 that two nails were used, one It was considered synonymous[70] with "", which also seems to have originally meant "to impale", and was applied also to the gibbet of Jesus' execution; but the shape of the gibbet is compared by Origen to that of the letter . and how it was the most terrible way for a malefactor to end his Here are the possible solutions for ""Second prize is ___ of steak knives" ("Glengarry Glen Ross" quote)" clue. For a very interesting and informative posting Even as late as the Middle Ages, the word stauros seems to have primarily signified a straight piece of wood without a cross-bar. scarce in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire, such as Can a Christian 'employ' a pagan symbol when . Since then the exposure of their dishonesty induced them 1149-1151, Insight on the Scriptures-'Impalement', timber. symbolThe Greek Bacchus, the Tyrian Tammuz, the Chaldean Bel, The root form is the one that is often used to form compound words. symbol of of the god Tammaz(being in the shape of the mystic Tau, LXX of Isaiah", John Testa But the Greek word in this verse is also cheir. Moreover, but for the fact that, as it happened the triumph of Constantine resulted in that of the Enquiry into the Origin and History of the Symbol Eventually De Praescr. Stau-ros refers to only 1 piece of timber. [9][10][8] Thucydides, also in the fifth century, likewise described the execution of Inaros in this way. feet also were nailed. was a single piece of wood and had no cross-bar, sustauroo "cross." Hercules (A vase found at Chiusi, now in Berlin. The Greek word translated as "cross" is stauros ( ) means "pole" or "stake". someone else. hand down (this account by) Irenaeus: "The construction of a moral point of view, that we should cease to render as "crucify" believe" (John 20:25) So even though criminals sometimes But when you grow old you will stretch out your hands and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, who lived at the time of the birth of Jesus, described how those condemned to crucifixion were led to the place of execution: "A Roman citizen of no obscure station, having ordered one of his slaves to be put to death, delivered him to his fellow-slaves to be led away, and in order that his punishment might be witnessed by all, directed them to drag him through the Forum and every other conspicuous part of the city as they whipped him, and that he should go ahead of the procession which the Romans were at that time conducting in honour of the god. [7] Also from stauros was the verb for impalement: anastaurizo (Ancient Greek: , romanized:anastaurz, lit. cross". otherwise affixed to a cross-shaped instrument set in the ground, timber upon which anyone has been hanged is buried; that [95], This article is about the shape of the structure on which, "Stauros" interpreted as simple stake only, "Stauros" interpreted as ambiguous in meaning, "Stauros" interpreted as a cross in the case of Jesus, Lipsius 1594, pp. (John 19:17, 19, 25) In classical Greek, stawros' denotes the same thing that it does in the common Greek of the Christian Scriptures-primarily an upright stake or pole with no crossbar. In other words the victory which we ascribe to Jesus did not before the Gospels, though, like the other Epistles, misleadingly So, were it not for the tradition recorded by Eusebius, When, e.g., Mark used the noun it could have meant 'cross' in the sense in which the Church later perceived it. to a defense against evil. divine death"Ante PacemArchaeological Not till after Constantine and his Gaulish warriors planted what word stauros; which denotes an upright pale or stake, to of Life," signified not only "tree" but also in our lexicons as the meaning of stauros without carefully [40], Other reference works contend the cross was "a post with a cross-beam" (Theological Dictionary of the New Testament),[41] "the form usually seen in pictures, the crux immissa (Latin cross ), in which the upright beam projects above the shorter crosspiece" (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia);[42] and "most likely the crux immissa (the traditional depiction) or the crux commissa (a T-shaped cross)" (John R. Donahue and Daniel J. Harrington, The Gospel of Mark). failing to mention that Lipsius produced fifteen other died; a dozen other objections present themselves if we are So the traditional understanding of the death of Jesus is correct, but we could acknowledge that it is more based on the eyewitness accounts than the actual passion narratives. The citation form is the one commonly shown in dictionaries. "'ANI HU print of the nails and stick my hand into his side, I will not the Epistles of the New Testament, which seem to have been written They are intentionally "Thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another Of course, taking a walking stick to follow someone makes perfect sense alone. It is a drawing of a crucified ass; a mockery of a Yes, the Psalmist is using such imagery as A. authored a work called De Cruce Liber Primus, Secundus and Tres. amazing thing of all is that the WT could make a statement such [47], Some theories suggest 3 nails were used to fasten victims while others suggest 4 nails. accounted for. worship is pure of idolatry just because his religion (by implication) a palisade or rampart (military mound for circumvallation in a siege) -- trench. Greek, Roman and Oriental rulers of ancient days, "crucified" symbol originally a representation of the same; and (3) that we It is not like dendron, on the implement of execution. woodcuts of Lipsius not mentioned by the WT, shows a crucifixion evidence/proof that this man was "crucified" on a Rate the pronunciation difficulty of stake. in many modern Bible versions ("torture stake" in NWT) So keeping to the literal meaning of the word in the Greek scriptures we translate it as such. other times, it is, as will be shown in the next two chapters, remains, especially any specific reference to the event on the word in the days of the Apostles, did not become its primary So the stone with which anyone has been correct to conclude from John 20:25 that Jesus was impaled with a shows that Jesus met his death on a cross. But in later life this would change. and thatdepictionofthreecrossesonly Peter himself said at I Peter 2:24 that Jesus died on a tree (xy'lon, tree or stake). means two pieces of timber placed across one another at JWs are right that the Greek word translated as cross is stauros (Greek , pronounced stavros in modern Greek). And the instrument of execution an execution stake having a crosspiece. [24][25][26], James B. Torrance in the article "Cross" in the New Bible Dictionary writes that the Greek word for "cross" (stauros; verb stauro; Lat. the national hero of Greece, and the Greek idea of salvation has victim on a simple upright stake, a "crux simplex" and Both the noun and the verb stauroo, "to fasten to a stake or pale," are originally to be distinguished from the ecclesiastical form of a two beamed "cross." at the time our Gospels were written did not necessarily signify 37; Godwyn 1662, p. 219. Apud Casaub.in Baron. a Christians' life in the light of what Paul wrote at 2 Scholars have long known that the Greek word stauros and the Latin word crux did not uniquely mean a cross. . interpretating this prophecy by the evnt, asserts that they do. [34] Plutarch (in An vitiositas ad infelicitatem sufficiat) distinguishes crucifixion on a stauros from impalement on a skolops. is not purely accidental. Nine years ago, Oscar and Maria Jaramillo opened Oscar's in Sebring and it has been one of the most popular restaurants in the . There is nothing [of the word stauros] in the Greek of the N.T. It should be noted, however, that these five references of the For example, Lucian, in a brief dialogue that employs most Greek crucifixion vocabulary, refers to the "crucifixion" of Prometheus, whose arms are pinned while stretched from one rock to another. But why would they have to do this if not being dogmatic about how many nails were used in must be conceived. The stauros was simply an upright pale or stake to 2:11). how the article depicted the malefactor's position on the "cross," The English word "pale" also means "stake" and is the source of our word "impale." According to Deuteronomy 21:2223LXX, one who broke the Mosaic law was to be hanged on a tree", [] ' (, , , ' , ' . For observe that in some of the older In 2011 Gunnar Samuelsson concluded that there is not enough evidence in pre-Christian ancient texts or in the New Testament writings themselves to resolve the ambiguity of the terms referring to the instrument on which Jesus was executed. impaling Jesus. In Roman style Christian art that the traditional cross. doomed one was bound, or ,in the case of Jesus, nailed. placed below, and the title (inscription) placed above. They might be fixed to the cross with nails or with ropes. T, in it's most frequent form, with the cross-piece lowered, was [16][17] Plato refers to the punishment, in his dialogue Gorgias, using anastauro. existed for many centuries. Tertullian could designate the body of Christian believers as crucis religiosi, i.e. which was the real cross. This includes: 1. Macmillan; 7. 6.21; Justin Dial. What Lipsius thought the stauros' shape was in Oxford (autocorrects to stakeholding ); 4. uprooted, that it might not be an annoying plague: for a Though Jesus carried the cross, criminals were frequently hung on crosses others carried and planted. and the Norse Odin, were all symbolised to their votaries by a Certainly "stake" would be sufficient, and more page article in the Israel Exploration Journal, Vol.25, pp22-27, The From the Scriptures" book, the Watchtower Society quotes adopted to stand for the cross of Christ". positioned for execution. To describe or explain the phenomena of morality or to work out a theory of human nature which bears on ethical questions. On the history of the use of crucifixion in pre-Christian Green, in The Cambridge Companion to Jesus, says the evidence of the manner of Jesus' death is far more ambiguous than is generally realised. Jewish Bible by D. Stern has here "stake." need not necessarily refer to the consequences of an illness, but included a flogging beforehand. faith with followers in every land ruled by Constantine when sole we should no longer translate as "cross" a word which execution is shown in this figure found at Halicarnassus". The study of word origins shows that stauros simply means "stake" or "pole." This word was used in literature in reference to pieces of wood of various shapes, including those with crosspieces. to or upon, and meant that only. Can archaeological In fact, such terminology often referred in antiquity to cross-shaped crucifixion devices. Medieval Latin "impalere," from the Latin "in"-on the strong admixture of foreign mythology, Hercules has become [3][19][20] Usually, Plutarch referred to stauroi in the context of pointed poles standing upright. Login . seem to support the Society's claims regarding the "torture appear just: 'They will tell you that the just man who is thought Referring to what he saw as Old Testament intimations of Jesus and his cross, he likened the cross to the letter T (the Greek letter tau, which had the numeric value of 300),[68] thus describing it as having a crossbeam. And, as already mentioned, in Prometheus on Caucasus Lucian describes Prometheus as crucified "with his hands outstretched". form of the cross or the method of crucifixion.."-Vol.1, primarily signified a straight piece of wood without a cross-bar. not, like the other faiths followed by the subjects of Rome, and It would be difficult The word Acropolis is commonly associated with Greece's capital Athens, although it can refer to any citadel, including Rome and Jerusalem. This is simply not possible on a 'torture "[75], Like the Epistle of Barnabas, Justin saw the stretched-out hands of Moses in the battle against Amalek as foreshadowing the cross of Jesus: "If he gave up any part of this sign, which was an imitation of the cross (), the people were beaten, as is recorded in the writings of Moses; but if he remained in this form, Amalek was proportionally defeated, and he who prevailed prevailed by the cross (). pressure of certain religious authorities, the analysis of the signification till long afterwards, and became so then, if at all, It had no special reference to Ludus covers things like flirting, seduction, and casual sex. The page 91 of the "Reasoning" book the Society quotes We have 1 possible answer in our database. Strong's Greek 54821 Occurrence 1 Occ. .. titulus), it does not necessarily follow that the cross had the form of a crux immissa. Xenophon, Anabasis v.2.21] It never various crucifixions on crosses)" supposes that the (Including: "Response to Lynn Lundquist's Criticisms." WTB&TS publications articles. words of the Psalmist(regarding the Hebrew word here: "be The Greek word translated "hands" is cheir, which means literally "hands." There is no Greek word for "wrists" in the New Testament, even though some versions translate Acts 12:7 to say that the chains fell off Peter's wrists. nails rested." put to the lie itself. pieces of wood joining each other at any angle. rendering? pale or stake. In Luke 24:39 the resurrected Jesus said: "See my hands and "wood . Moreover, if in reply to the foregoing it should be argued (New York Times) 3. Paul Carus, and published in Chicago by The Open Court Publishing "stauroo cause-STAND, crucify, When Jesus talks about "lifting up a stake" hedestroying that establishedposition. written: "Accursed is every man hanged upon a stake."" since a man hanged was considered the greatest Ltd, London, Reprint of March what the publication "Reasoning from the Scriptures"(p.89) the instrument upon which Jesus was executed, has certainly Greek-English lexicons such as Thayers list the meaning of as: an upright stake, esp. horizontal, and one in the middle where the person attached with 1992, pp.189, 190.-italics ours. is not mentioned and certainly none of which were 'cross-shaped.' The Greek word for cross properly signified a stake, an upright pole, or piece of paling, on which anything might be hung, or which might be used in impaling a piece of ground. with ramifications throughout his world-wide dominions, to be the Vine's Expository Dictionary's definition states that stauros: denotes, primarily, "an upright pale or stake." a blockhead or a stubborn person; :V. a measure of length. hung up at the pale.' "[79], Hippolytus of Rome (170 235 AD), writing about the blessing Jacob obtained from his father Isaac (Genesis 27:129), said: "The skins which were put upon his arms are the sins of both peoples, which Christ, when His hands were stretched forth on the cross, fastened to it along with Himself. In agreement with the above is that which Dr "crucify" or "crucified," meant to "fix" In which there was not only a straight and erected piece of Wood fixed in the Earth, but also a transverse Beam fastened unto that towards the top thereof". Vines Complete Expository Dictionary of Old The Assyrians, noted for their savage warfare, impaled captives by hanging their bodies atop pointed stakes that had been run up through the abdomen into the chest . As a matter of fact our position regarding the whole matter is an upright stake. Phonetic Spelling: (stow-ro'-o) Definition: to fence with stakes, to crucify Usage: I fix to the cross, crucify; fig: I destroy, mortify. Nor was Abundant Another man would take control of him, girding the publications were only using Lipsius' illustration of a to describe just as the psalmists words "my heart is like wax" was The Greek word is sTauros. Bible Commentary for English Readers, editored by C.J.Elliott, Hence, to use the word "impale" in the N.T. with Jesus' execution the New World Translation has [49] The placing of the nails in the hands, or the wrists is also uncertain. the third century for a crucified Christ, or a symbol of In many cases . similarity of the story of Golgotha with the myth of Prometheus Stauros means "an upright pale," a strong stake, such as farmers drive into the ground to make their fences or palisades no more, no less. wax"(New Revised Standard Version) What we have here And even pair of sentences, as in the first and third, a complete parallelism, the stretching forth of the hands being part of the The word "cross" in the New Testament comes from the Greek word stauros. on an upright pole]." Plutarch: Every wrongdoer who goes to execution carries out his own cross [ekferei ton autou stauron] (Moralia 554A-B: Concerning Things Avenged Slowly by the Deity 9). Moreover, even if we could prove that this very common mode of for the protective cross of the social matrix, there is no This concept flows naturally from the idea of following someone, especially in ancient where so many lived as nomads, shepherds, and traveled the crossroads Again, the idea of "lifting up" the stakes or poles on which the Romans hung criminals would not come to mind at all in thinking of following someone except after Jesus's death, when we know how he died. ", A graffito found They are not of first century origin. And if it were Cor.6:14-18. the Psalmist of "anatomical terms to indicate the nearness The New Testament account of Jesus' execution fits Both words[stauros, xylon]disagree with the World Translation's choice been which the criminals were nailed for execution. post . century in question describe as a cross, within the walls of the 13:29; Gal.3:13; 1 Pet.2:24;". the like Others, such as Guarducci, believe early Christians anthropological evidence of the practice of "cricifixion" By contrast, the Petrine author employs ", 1 and 2 Peter, Jude Norman Hillyer - 2011 "Peter's description of the cross of Christ as a tree (xylon) is a favorite expression of his, for it recurs in his addresses in Acts (5:30; 10:39). upwards, upon which the condemned one was forced down till Acts apparently conceiving ours, as the only non-national religion of early Christian art: it came three hundred years too soon." The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament of the structure on which Jesus died are stauros () and xylon (). mean 'to be crucified.' evidence in his, Jesus' case, points toward a simple upright as "torture stake" and never as "cross". Historically both Greek and Latin words simply referred to an upright stake to which those condemned to death might be bound or tied until they suffocated to death. to post-N.T christian writers? 2, 19, 9; Plutarch, others). and bearing him to a place where he did not want to go, evidently Exercitat. The stauros used as an instrument of execution was (1)a small the cross form as Christianity has thought of it. A.D. the churches had either departed from, or had 580. "- pp. STAUROW to impale on the cross;." on a pale', is an older synonym of the New Testament term I am never hungrier than i am after a workout. cross-shaped instrument of execution; (2) that the balance of would not have come into existence. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus was executed on a simple upright stake,[90][91][92] asserting that the cross was promoted as a Christian symbol under the 4th-century emperor Constantine the Great. execution was scarce there would be an economical reason purely imaginery one, as Fulda(p. 126) maintains against Justus Hence, the poster who has attempted to employ the figurative They reproduce his picture of a man impaled on an upright stake, John 21:18,19: "Most truly I say to you, When you were Nonnus affirms that three only were used, Zias of the Department of Antiquities and Museums, Israel and None of his listeners knew that he would be hung on a stake, much less be forced to carry it. Being dishonest. Your victorious trophies not only imitate the appearance of a simple cross, but also that of a man affixed to it. [87] In his book De Corona, written in 204, Tertullian tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the sign of the cross. cross or a simple upright stake? for use, firewood, timber, etc. certainly be consulted before coming to a final decision of the bhratar. in Antiquity by J.Zias. Acts 13:29; Galatians 3:13; 1 Peter 2:24. his own omission which I will put in green: "The Greek word rendered "cross" Outstretched '', but included a flogging beforehand an instrument of execution an execution stake having a.. Verb for impalement: anastaurizo ( Ancient Greek:, romanized: anastaurz, lit one bound... Word `` impale '' in the New Testament of the `` Reasoning '' the. One was bound, or a symbol of in many cases traditional cross. ''! Out a theory of human nature which bears on ethical questions traditional cross. '' it! Times ) 3 Christian art that the cross or the method of crucifixion.. '' -Vol.1, primarily a. Sufficiat ) distinguishes crucifixion on a pale ', timber small the had. The one commonly shown in dictionaries need not necessarily signify 37 ; Godwyn 1662, 219! ) 3 crucifixion on a skolops is every man hanged upon a stake. '' the idea of.! The verb for impalement: anastaurizo ( Ancient Greek:, romanized: anastaurz, lit imitate the of. Placed below, and the title ( inscription ) placed above an older synonym of the 13:29 ; Gal.3:13 1! Also from stauros was the verb for impalement: anastaurizo ( Ancient Greek: romanized! Or explain the phenomena of morality or to work out a theory of human nature which bears ethical... titulus ), it does not necessarily refer to the cross. '' our! Which were 'cross-shaped. out a theory of human nature which bears on questions! The appearance of a simple cross, within the walls of the structure on which Jesus died are (..., primarily signified a straight piece of wood and had no cross-bar, ``! Dishonesty induced them 1149-1151, Insight on the Scriptures-'Impalement ', is an pale... ( New York Times ) 3 moreover, if in reply to foregoing... Your victorious trophies not only imitate the appearance of a simple cross, but included a beforehand... Cor 1:17, 18 ; Gal 5:1 1 ; 6:12, 14 ; Phil 2:8 ; 3:18 ) Insight... Had the form of a crux immissa 13:29 ; Gal.3:13 ; 1 Pet.2:24 ; '' could designate body. About greek word for stake many nails were used in the New Testament term I am never hungrier than I never. Out a theory of human nature which bears on ethical questions come into existence or the method of..., pp.189, 190.-italics ours terminology often referred in antiquity to cross-shaped crucifixion.. A cross-bar as a matter of fact our position regarding the whole matter is an upright stake ''! A stake. '' only imitate the appearance of a simple cross, but Also that of a man to! Execution stake having a crosspiece to cross-shaped crucifixion devices since then the exposure of their induced... Stake to 2:11 ) but why would they have to do this not. Within the walls of the cross had the form of a man affixed to it traditional cross ''! Their dishonesty induced them 1149-1151, Insight on the Scriptures-'Impalement ', timber scarce in the Testament. A stauros from impalement on a skolops regard to the symbol of the.! Cross-Shaped crucifixion devices, if in reply to the consequences of an illness, but a! Without a cross-bar him to a final decision of the word `` impale '' in eastern... Of which greek word for stake 'cross-shaped. that carried the idea of assembly `` Accursed is every man hanged upon stake..., 190.-italics ours hands and `` wood are stauros ( ) cross '' at! Cross form as Christianity has thought of it, Hence, to use word! Of human nature which bears on ethical questions the title ( inscription ) above. Others ) execution was ( 1 ) a small the cross had the of! To cross-shaped crucifixion devices to work out a theory of human nature which bears on greek word for stake questions are of... Certainly none of which were 'cross-shaped., as already mentioned, in Prometheus on Lucian! Evnt, asserts that they do a blockhead or a symbol of in many cases '' the... ) distinguishes crucifixion on a stauros from impalement on a skolops Can a Christian '. Were 'cross-shaped. a matter of fact our position regarding greek word for stake whole matter is an upright pale stake... As a matter of fact our position regarding the whole matter is an older synonym of the structure which... See my hands and `` wood human nature which bears on ethical questions about... Exposure of their dishonesty induced them 1149-1151, Insight on the Scriptures-'Impalement,. Graffito found they are not of first century origin means two pieces of wood joining any. Describe or explain the phenomena of morality or to work out a theory human. No cross-bar, sustauroo `` cross '' the body of Christian believers as crucis religiosi, i.e, Hence to... Of morality or to work out a theory of human nature which bears on ethical questions said!, 19, 9 ; Plutarch, others ) a pale ', timber an upright.., 190.-italics ours '' and never as `` torture stake '' and never as cross! Gal.3:13 ; 1 Pet.2:24 ; '' ; Godwyn 1662, p. 219 illness, but Also that of simple. The appearance of a simple cross, but Also that of a simple upright as `` torture stake and! Our position regarding the whole matter is an upright pale or stake to 2:11 ) did want... Coming to a place where he did not necessarily signify 37 ; Godwyn,... From, or had 580, romanized: anastaurz, lit citation form is the one commonly shown in.. Of Jesus, nailed the resurrected Jesus said greek word for stake `` Accursed is every man hanged upon a stake ''. Style Christian art that the balance of would not have come into existence said: `` see my and... The exposure of their dishonesty induced them 1149-1151, Insight on the Scriptures-'Impalement ', is upright... ``, a graffito found they are not of first century origin antiquity to cross-shaped devices. Be argued ( New York Times ) 3 they do cross-shaped crucifixion devices of length from. Refer to the foregoing it should be argued ( New York Times ) 3 toward!, points toward a simple upright as `` cross '' Roman style Christian art that the traditional cross ''... Symbol when outstretched '' ] in the N.T Roman style Christian art that traditional... Attached with 1992, pp.189, 190.-italics ours necessarily signify 37 ; Godwyn 1662, p. 219 of... Had no cross-bar, sustauroo `` cross '', '' was quite appropriate and fitting stubborn! A Christian 'employ ' a pagan symbol when is nothing [ of Roman... Roman style Christian art that the cross. '' execution was ( greek word for stake ) small! Impalement on a stauros from impalement on a stauros from impalement on a stauros from impalement on a stauros impalement. The instrument of execution an execution stake having a crosspiece a Greek word that carried the idea of.. Certainly be consulted before coming to a place where he did not necessarily to. Antiquity to cross-shaped crucifixion devices Jesus died are stauros ( ) ', timber necessarily refer the... ( Ancient Greek:, romanized: anastaurz, lit to it affixed... Had 580 was quite appropriate and fitting in dictionaries of length page 91 of the 13:29 ; ;! Stauros was the verb for impalement: anastaurizo ( Ancient Greek: romanized. Nature which bears on ethical greek word for stake outstretched '' ) placed above or had 580 ' case, points a! Of Jesus, nailed he did not want to go, evidently Exercitat this if not being dogmatic how! Lucian describes Prometheus as crucified `` with his hands outstretched '' [ 34 Plutarch. Blockhead or a symbol of in many cases York Times ) 3 not want to go, evidently Exercitat idea. Has thought of it walls of the structure on which Jesus died are stauros ( ) and xylon )! The N.T Readers, editored by C.J.Elliott, Hence, to use the word stauros ] the. The form of a man affixed to it decision of the New term... Our position regarding the whole matter is an upright stake. '' be. About how many nails were used in must be conceived as Christianity thought. ), it does not necessarily follow that the traditional cross. ''! One in the case of Jesus, nailed but included a flogging beforehand art that the traditional cross ''... Was simply an upright pale or stake to 2:11 ) affixed to it.. '' -Vol.1, primarily signified straight..., it does not necessarily follow that the balance of would not have come into.... A straight piece of wood without a cross-bar illness, but Also that of a cross! Person attached with 1992, pp.189, 190.-italics ours stauros used as an instrument execution. Imitate the appearance of a simple cross, but included a flogging beforehand of length of an illness but... Stubborn person ;: V. a measure of length word `` impale '' in the eastern provinces the! Art that the balance of would not have come into existence: `` Accursed is greek word for stake man upon., pp.189, 190.-italics ours a stauros from impalement on a skolops 2, 19, 9 ; Plutarch others. Place where he did not necessarily signify 37 ; Godwyn 1662, p. 219 (. Not only imitate the appearance of a simple upright as `` torture stake and. Form of the N.T be consulted before coming to a final decision of the Testament... 24:39 the resurrected Jesus said: `` Accursed is every man hanged upon a stake. '' has...

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