There are 23 Kebeles (the smallest local administrative unit) administered by the Woreda, including 19 rural, 2 urban and 2 semi-urban towns. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Named for the village of Nok, site of some of the finds, the ancient culture produced fine terra-cotta figurines, which were accidentally discovered by tin miners on the Jos Plateau in the 1930s. In case you need help on any kind of academic writing visit website www.HelpWriting.net and place your order, Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. The study communities rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with those in need. The focus groups lasted 1.52 h and were moderated by MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods. The .gov means its official. Ethiop J Health Dev. Lidell C, Barrett L, Bydawell M. Indigenous representations of illness and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Oxford: Clarendon; 1964. Abstract Disease is an important entity in healthcare. Altern Ther Health Med. Fracastoro's contagion theory of disease (1546) Germ theory: Louis Pasteur , Lister and others introduced the germ theory in 1878. Sanders Thompson VL, Johnson-Jennings M, Baumann AA, Proctor E. Use of culturally focused theoretical frameworks for adapting diabetes prevention programs: a qualitative review. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Issues identified with administration and bureaucratic frameworks dont fit well with indigenous ill-health beliefs. Foster M, Anderson B. For example, the qallicha Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. As noted in other studies, effective primary care requires that all health care providers and policy makers take culture and traditional into account [20]. (3) ecosocial theory and related multi-level frameworks. Social change theory was used in this paper. Diagnosing diseases in African traditional religion. Each of these sub-categories will be described briefly below. Waddel A, Petersen AR. These conditions were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef (genetically acquired disease). Soc Sci Med. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2016 Nov;46:121-126. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.09.001. This theory indicates that although modern medicine and laboratory science have significantly impacted the decline of mortality, the process of disease causation is far more complex than the. This broad category includes five distinct types of natural causes of illness: infection, stress, organic deterioration, accident, and overt human aggression. The validity of our findings was enhanced by employing different types of triangulation: methodological triangulation (the data collected in the focus groups and the individual interviews were compared and contrasted); and investigator triangulation (multiple members of the research team both in and outside the field participated in data analysis including coding and identification of themes) [14]. Some of key informants also observed that susceptibility to certain diseases such as epilepsy, infertility and mental illness runs in certain families through generations. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planning prevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. All attention was focused on microbes and their role in disease causation. The follow-up interviews provided an opportunity to delve more deeply into topics discussed in the focus groups. volume17, Articlenumber:124 (2017) California Privacy Statement, The wadaja prayers we observed on various occasions were directed to obtaining peace, health, wealth, seasonal rain, good harvest, protection from misfortune, safety for children and cattle, etc. This ethnographic study was grounded in participant observations made by the principal investigator (MHK) working as a volunteer heath extension worker in the study area for five months between June and November, 2013. All qualitative data from participant observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software. Traditional healing and primary care: a socio-cultural study in a rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia. Galens seeds were intended to explain why some people contracted a particular disease while others escaped and he located them within the body. Dime (1995:30-31) argues that the diagnosis of diseases in an African traditional healing system is a twofold event. Microbe after microbe was discovered in quick succession gonococcus in 1847; typhoid bacillus, pneumococcus in 1880; tubercle bacillus in 1882; cholera vibrio in 1883; diphtheria bacillus in 1884, and so on. In addition, the focus groups and interviews were supplemented by 5months of extensive field work which allowed the communities ample time to get to know (and become used to) the researchers. Then we stay healthy [Female, Study Community # 4]. Acute and Chronic Malnutrition. This study was carried out in ado-odo/ota lga, with a sample size of 203. Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences, and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. The study participants also associate illness with unfavourable conditions of the environment (e.g., poor sanitation), infection, poverty and lack of food, as well as biological (e.g., aging, genetics) and psychological causes such as stress and worry. Health is primarily that state in which these constituent substances are in the correct proportion to each other, both in strength and quantity, and are well mixed. Article I/C Epidemiology; Centre for Animal Disease Research The respondents in the present study perceived that supernatural forces were the most important cause of ill health. Prev Chronic Dis. Ethiop J Health Dev. They also articulated the role of natural causes and social relationships in maintaining good health. By using this website, you agree to our In our tradition people believe in qolle spirits (the spirit of individuals) is a guardian from illness and cause of illness. We would like to thank the study participants and Tehuledere Woreda Health Bereau staff, as well as our research assistants for their great support to facilitate the data collection of study. Poverty in general was identified as leading to poor health: If a person has a low income, then he would be weak. He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. The germ theory of disease came to the forefront, supplanting the earlier theories of disease causation. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease. The culture of a people is their identity as it affords them due recognition. In my village, we revere big trees, mountains, caves, springs and even unusually shaped stones. However, most of these indigenous beliefs have been absorbed by Islamic traditions which currently dominate the culture. Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the nature-spirit connection. Many authors have described cultures in which illness is believed to be caused by supernatural forces including witchcraft, sorcery, breaching taboos and disease-causing spirits (e.g., [2225]). J Genet Couns. A Seminar Work Presented to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar. The link between lying and ill health appears to be unique in this culture. Of the 54 accidental deaths, 31 (57%) were caused by RTAs. Tehuledere was selected for the study because of the rich and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs, and practices in the area. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. In 2014, communicable diseases including malaria, lung infections, diarrheal, intestinal parasites, eye infections, skin disease, and rheumatism were the major public health problems in the area [15]. Nigeria | 80 views, 8 likes, 0 loves, 1 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Catalyst Specialist Health Consult CSHC: Various Cultural theories of Disease causation in Nigeria J Hum Lact. Click here to review the details. Braine T. Health systems research is the best medicine. Oman Med J. Wilson. BMC Public Health Medicine finally shed the rags of dogma and superstition and put on the robes of scientific knowledge. Qualitative inquiry and research design. Traditional Medicine in Somalia; An Anthropological Approach to the concepts concerning Disease, 2nd International Congress of Somali Studies, vol. 2022 Dec;9(6):2560-2567. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01190-6. Being healthy means alemelekef [not having a spell]. Int Orthop. The researcher was also able to make substantial observations of local activities such as rituals, festivities, public gatherings involving health practices, and converse informally with community members. The absence of peace and happiness that comes from families fighting, and from them being not supportive of one another were all aspects that were viewed by the women participants as being key contributors to illnesses. They also talked about how eating spoiled food or inappropriate foods led to illness such as getting diarrhea from consuming raw sorghum (Tinkish), or Kolo (roasted sorghum). A. 2010;20:84558. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. We will also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession. The participants in the study communities believe that if they honour the spirits, they will be rewarded by good health and that if the spirits are forgotten or ignored, the protection they provide may be withdrawn which will lead to illness or death. New York: Africana Publishing Corporation; 1969. p. XXXXI. Several theories were advanced from time to time to explain disease causation such as the supernatural theory of disease, the theory of humors by Greeks and Indians, the theory of contagion, the miasmatic theory which attributed disease to noxious air and vapours, the theory of spontaneous generation, etc. An official website of the United States government. Bishaw M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation. Itis a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all of an organism. However the outcomes from this study may not be representative of the encounters of perception of illness causation of other ethnic backgrounds. Data obtained from our study indicated that the role of social prohibitions and the consequences of their violation were a key factor causing health problems in Tehuledere. Eating together and sharing with those in need rich and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs and... Lga, with a sample size of 203 that the diagnosis of diseases an!, audiobooks, magazines, and practices in the focus groups lasted 1.52 h and were by... Qualitative research methods intended to explain why some people contracted a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part all! Of disease came to the concepts concerning disease, 2nd International Congress Somali... York cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Africana Publishing Corporation ; 1969. p. XXXXI pathological condition that part... A federal 2016 Nov ; 46:121-126. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01190-6 qualitative research methods the outcomes from this study carried... 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